Systemic Propranolol for the Treatment of Paediatric Patients With Infantile Hemangiomas

Inclusion Criteria: * IHs diagnosed by medical history and physical examination * no previous treatment with other medications Exclusion Criteria: * a history or risk of asthma, reactive airway disease, impaired renal or liver function, heart defects or arrhythmia, hypotension and hypersensitivity to propranolol * Infants who did not adhere to the treatments or attend follow-up visits * Infants with other known risk factors for developmental delay or growth restriction, such as prematurity, small for gestational age, or other major congenital malformations, were also excluded * No other treatment was used during the oral propranolol course