Investigators will in a crossover study test the health effects of eating a dairy-based protein-rich breakfast, isocaloric carbohydrate-rich breakfast or no breakfast in young overweight women. Determination of satiety and hunger using visual analog scores (VAS), collection of blood samples and 2x 24 hours food logs will be collected.
This study is a single-blind randomized Cross-Over trial with 30 women aged 18-30 years, each completing three trials. Participants will consume either dairy-based protein-rich breakfast, isocaloric, fiber matched, fat matched, carbohydrate-rich breakfast or no breakfast in randomized order. Three hours later a standardized ad libitum lunch will be served. Blood samples will be collected (pre, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 175 min after breakfast) and VAS rating hunger, satiety and desire to eat will be determined (pre, during breakfast, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min, during lunch, after lunch). Twenty-four hour food logs on the day before the test day and on the test day will be collected. Participants will be characterized by determining height (cm), weight (kg), and body composition by a dual-energy X-ray (DXA) scan before the first test day.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
30
High protein yoghurt containing approx. 10 g protein per 100 g. Participants will be asked to consume 300 g (=3 dl) yoghurt with 40 g oats for breakfast. 1 glas of water (150 ml)
Low protein breakfast containing approx. 2 g protein per 100 g. Participants will be asked to consume \~60 g bread, 20 g jam and 250 ml juice for breakfast. 1 glas of water (150 ml)
1 glas of water (150 ml)
Aarhus University, Department for Public Health, Section for Sport Science
Aarhus, Denmark
Energy consumption on test days
Total energy consumption on test days (24 hour food log)
Time frame: 0-24 hours
Change in hunger
Visual Analog Scale (10 cm) score for feeling of hunger
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in satiety
Visual Analog Scale (10 cm) score for feeling of satiety
Time frame: 0-3 hours
change in desire
Visual Analog Scale (10 cm) score for feeling of desire to eat
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in ghrelin
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in leptin
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in Peptide YY (PYY3-36)
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in insulin
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in glucagon
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in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Change in glucose
in blood sample
Time frame: 0-3 hours
Energy consumption the day before a test day (food registration)
Total energy consumption on the day before the test day
Time frame: 0-24 hours