The purpose of this study is to evaluate in-laboratory mobility outcomes, pain perception, and user satisfaction with the Keeogo , a robotic exoskeleton for providing assistance on knees during stand and swing for a population with impaired mobility, as compare with standard knee braces. The investigators hypothesize that participants could have improved performance outcomes on walk test, timed up and go test, stair test, pick up penny from floor test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) when using the Keeogo as compared with their prescribed knee braces.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a growing problem due to increased longevity and obesity with estimates of 14 million people living with this impairment. Knee OA results in decreased activity and lifestyle changes, further exacerbating an individual's health. Exoskeleton technology (Keeogo , B-temia, Inc.) may be a viable alternative to standard knee OA treatment by providing powered support to reduce pain during mobility. To the investigators' knowledge, the Keeogo is the only commercially available (in Canada) robotic exoskeleton for a non-paralyzed population who can stand and initiate a stepping action, but have impaired mobility for functional tasks. Keeogo provides active assistance during stance and swing phases and assists users to perform functional mobility tasks including walking, stair climbing, sit-to-stand, bending, squatting, and kneeling. Preliminary studies with the Keeogo in six persons with knee OA showed efficacy for pain reduction during different mobility tasks. Keeogo may have the potential to address functional mobility problems and pain in Veterans with knee OA but is not yet approved by the FDA. An in-laboratory evaluation of performance outcomes using the Keeogo compared with standard knee braces are lacking. Absence of published prescription and general guidelines for use in Veterans with knee OA were also identified as limitations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in-laboratory mobility outcomes, pain perception, and user satisfaction with the Keeogo as compare with standard knee braces. The investigators hypothesize that participants could have improved performance outcomes on mobility tests, including a 6-minute walk test, timed up and go test, 13-step stair test, pick up penny from floor test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) when using the Keeogo as compared with their prescribed knee braces and reduced pain with the Keeogo by the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) as compared with their prescribed knee braces for the mobility tests. A knee OA-specific tuning protocol will be developed and used in the in-laboratory evaluations in 26 Veterans with knee OA at the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY. This in-laboratory study is expected to demonstrate improved walking velocities, stair ascent/descent times, improved sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, and object retrieval from the floor with reduced pain while participants use the Keeogo.
The Keeogo is the only commercially available (in Canada) robotic exoskeleton for a non-paralyzed population who can stand and initiate a stepping action, but have impaired mobility for functional tasks. Keeogo provides active assistance during stance and swing phases and assists users to perform functional mobility tasks including walking, stair climbing, sit-to-stand, bending, squatting, and kneeling.
James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY
The Bronx, New York, United States
Changes of 6-Minute Walk Test results among different conditions
Walk as far as possible for 6 minutes. Distance in meters and speed in meter/second.
Time frame: Up to 10 minutes for each condition: 1) using the Keeogo, 2) using the prescribed knee brace, and 3) using nothing on the knee (optional)
Changes of Timed Up and Go Test results among different conditions
Time in seconds to stand up from a chair, walk 10 feet, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down.
Time frame: Up to 5 minutes for each condition: 1) using the Keeogo, 2) using the prescribed knee brace, and 3) using nothing on the knee (optional)
Changes of 13-Step Stair Test results among different conditions
Ascend and descend a 13-step stair as quickly as possible but safely. Time in seconds till both feet on the top as ascent time. Time in seconds till both feet on the bottom as descent time.
Time frame: Up to 10 minutes for each condition: 1) using the Keeogo, 2) using the prescribed knee brace, and 3) using nothing on the knee (optional)
Changes of Pick Up Penny from Floor Test results among different conditions
Time in seconds to bend, scoop, lunge, or squat to retrieve a penny from the floor and return to standing. Scored as: not able to perform, perform with physical assistance, perform unassisted
Time frame: Up to 3 minutes for each condition: 1) Using the Keeogo; 2) Using the prescribed knee brace; 3) Using nothing on the knee (optional)
Changes of Short Physical Performance Battery results among different conditions
Three tests to assess lower extremity functioning: ability to stand for 10 seconds with feet in 3 different positions (together side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem), two timed 4-meter walk, and time to rise from a chair five times. Overall score from 0 to 12 with higher score indicating better lower extremity function.
Time frame: Up to 15 minutes for each condition: 1) using the Keeogo, 2) using the prescribed knee brace, and 3) Using nothing on the knee (optional)
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Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
32
Changes of Numeric Pain Rating Scale results among different conditions
Rate pain on an 11-point numerical scale (0- no pain at all; 10- worst imaginable pain)
Time frame: Up to 2 minutes for each condition: 1) using the Keeogo, 2) using the prescribed knee brace, and 3) using nothing on the knee (optional)
System Usability Scale
Reliable 10-item scale to evaluate device usability with a 5-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Overall score from 0 to 100 with higher score indicating better usability.
Time frame: Up to 5 minutes
Usefulness Satisfaction and Ease of Use Questionnaire
Reliable 30-item scale to evaluate four dimensions of usability including usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction with a 7-point Likert scale. Average score from 0 to 7 for each dimension with higher score indicating better usability.
Time frame: Up to 10 minutes