To assess whether participants treated with ofatumumab 20 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) administered once every 4 weeks (q4) can mount an adequate immune response to inactivated influenza vaccine as measured by humoral responses compared to participants on an iDMT.
Vaccinations against influenza are an important part of effective management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ofatumumab is a human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) which depletes B-cells, a component of the immune system. This study investigates if ofatumumab treated patients can have an immune response that may be protective after receiving the influenza vaccine. There were 3 study periods: * Screening Period of up to 1 week to assess eligibility requirements. * Investigational Period of 4 weeks All participants received an inactivated influenza vaccine within 9 calendar days after the Screening Visit, before the Week 0 Visit occurred. Participants in Cohort 1 received loading doses of 20 mg ofatumumab administered subcutaneously (s.c.) at Weeks 2, 3, and 4. Participants in Cohort 2 continued taking their prescribed ofatumumab as per their dosing schedule throughout the Investigational Period. Participants in Cohort 3 continued administration of their prescribed injectable disease modifying therapy (iDMT) as per their dosing schedule in the Investigational Period. • Optional, 6-month open-label Extension Period Participants in Cohort 1 were administered their first dose of ofatumumab at Week 6; thereinafter, they continued monthly dosing until the final dose at Week 26. Participants in Cohort 2 continued to receive ofatumumab monthly until the final dose at Week 28. Participants in Cohort 3 did not enter the open-label Extension Period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
63
2020-2021, 2021-2022, or 2022-2023 inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Participants received the vaccine within 9 calendar days after the Screening Visit, before the Week 0 Visit occurred.
Auto-injector containing 20 mg ofatumumab (20 mg/0.4mL) for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. * Participants in Cohort 1 received loading doses of 20 mg ofatumumab s.c. at Weeks 2, 3, and 4 in the Investigational Period. In the open-label Extension Period, they administered the first dose of ofatumumab at Week 6 and continued monthly dosing until the final dose at Week 26. Novartis supplied participants in Cohort 1 with ofatumumab treatment. * Participants in Cohort 2 continued on their commercially prescribed ofatumumab treatment during the Investigational Period. In the open-label Extension Period, they continued to administer ofatumumab monthly until the final dose at Week 28. Cohort 2 participants in the extension could have either remained on their prescribed ofatumumab or switched to study supplied ofatumumab.
Hope Research Institute Center Neurology and Spine
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Infinity Clinical Research LLC
Hollywood, Florida, United States
The MS Center for Innovation in Care
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Percentage of Participants Achieving Seroprotection at Week 4 (Observed Case)
A seroprotection responder was a participant achieving seroprotection as defined by a post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer ≥ 40 at Week 4. Seroprotection against ten influenza strains was analyzed. The analysis was performed taking into consideration observed data.
Time frame: Week 4
Percentage of Participants Achieving Seroprotection at Week 4 (Non-responder Imputation)
A seroprotection responder was a participant achieving seroprotection as defined by a post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer ≥ 40 at Week 4. Seroprotection against ten influenza strains was analyzed. Non-responder imputation (NRI) for missing data was applied.
Time frame: Week 4
Percentage of Participants Achieving Seroconversion at Week 4 (Observed Case)
Seroconversion was defined as: • a ≥ 4-fold increase in HI titers after vaccination (in participants with pre-vaccination HI titers ≥ 10) OR • post-vaccination HI titers ≥ 40 (in participants with pre-vaccination HI titers \< 10) Seroconversion against ten influenza strains was analyzed. The analysis was performed taking into consideration observed data.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-vaccination), Week 4
Percentage of Participants Achieving Seroconversion at Week 4 (Non-responder Imputation)
Seroconversion was defined as: • a ≥ 4-fold increase in HI titers after vaccination (in participants with pre-vaccination HI titers ≥ 10) OR • post-vaccination HI titers ≥ 40 (in participants with pre-vaccination HI titers \< 10) Seroconversion against ten influenza strains was analyzed. Non-responder imputation (NRI) for missing data was applied.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-vaccination), Week 4
Fold Change From Baseline in Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers
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Participants in Cohort 3 continued on their commercially prescribed injectable disease modifying therapy (iDMT) during the Investigational Period.
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers were measured in serum samples pre-vaccination (baseline) and post-vaccination (Week 4). The geometric mean of the ratio of post-vaccination to pre-vaccination HI titer was calculated to estimate the average fold change in HI titer after vaccination compared to before vaccination.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-vaccination), Week 4
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), AEs Leading to Discontinuation and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Number of participants with adverse events (any AEs regardless of seriousness), AEs leading to study drug discontinuation and serious adverse events (SAEs). On-study AEs are defined as AEs which started or worsened on or after the date of the visit at Week 0.
Time frame: From Week 0 to Week 26 (Cohort 1), Week 28 (Cohort 2) and Week 4 (Cohort 3)