Transcranial Photobiomodulation With Near-Infrared Light for Language in Individuals With Down Syndrome

Inclusion criteria for this study include: 1. adult men and women between the ages of 16 and 35 2. diagnosis of DS (i.e., clinical diagnosis of Trisomy 21 or Complete Unbalanced Translocation of Chromosome 21) Exclusion criteria for this study include: 1. diagnosis of seizure disorder 2. diagnosis of dementia 3. inability to complete study procedures 4. English as a second language 5. speech as the secondary mode of communication 6. speech of less than two-word utterances 7. changes in medications, augmentative devices, and other intervention two weeks prior to baseline testing and throughout study completion at PI's discretion 8. untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 9. Participation in other clinical research trials that may influence affect primary outcomes or adherence to the proposed study, as assessed by the PI and the Co-Is 10. candidates who have a current diagnosis of cancer and/or are currently undergoing treatment for cancer 11. history of migraine with an aura in the past 6 months 12. current pregnancy