This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial for evaluating the efficacy of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament versus thoracic epidural analgesia after open liver surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
74
Bilateral single-injection 20 ml 0.56% ropivacaine. Intravenous analgesia was started postoperatively and consisted of 1ug/ml sufentanil，2 ml/h with a 5-minute lockout period, a limited 12 ml/h dose.
A thoracic epidural at the level of T7-10. Epidural infusion was started postoperatively and consisted of sufentanil (0.6ug/mL) and ropivacaine（0.2%） at 3ml/h.
Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
NRS (numeric rating scale) score for coughing pain
Postoperative pain was assessed by NRS score with a range of 0 to 10 (0=no pain, 10=the worst possible pain)
Time frame: at 24 hours after surgery
NRS score for rest and coughing pain
Postoperative pain at rest and during coughing was assessed by NRS score with a range of 0 to 10 (0=no pain, 10=the worst possible pain)
Time frame: at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery
consumption of opioid converted to IV morphine equivalents
opioids given postoperatively converted to IV morphine equivalents
Time frame: during 24 hours after surgery
Numbers of additional analgesics
Additional rescue analgesics were used when pain relief was inadequate (NRS \>3). The choice of rescue analgesic was oxydone 5-10mg.
Time frame: during 72 hours after surgery
The incidence of postoperative hypotension
Adverse reactions related to analgesia
Time frame: during 72 hours after surgery
The incidence of nausea and vomiting
Adverse reactions related to analgesia
Time frame: during 72 hours after surgery
The incidence of pruritus
Adverse reactions related to analgesia
Time frame: during 72 hours after surgery
The incidence of respiratory depression
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Adverse reactions related to analgesia
Time frame: during 72 hours after surgery
Time to ambulation in days
Postoperative ambulation time
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 2-3 days
Time to eat in days
Time to start eating after surgery
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 2-3 days
Time to flatus in hours
Time to flatus after surgery
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 40-50 hours
Time to defecation in hours
Time to defecation after surgery
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 60-70 hours
Time to urethral catheter removal in hours
Time tourethral catheter removal after surgery
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 60-70 hours
Postoperative hospital stay in days
The time from operation to discharge
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 7-8 days
Clavien-Dindo classification (grade I, II, III, IV) for postoperative complication
Postoperative Clavien-Dindo complication classification
Time frame: One month after surgery