To Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and PK of Intravenous Cipargamin in Participants With Severe Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Novartis Pharmaceuticals254 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of this study is to identify the safe and effective dose of intravenous cipargamin in participants with moderately severe and severe malaria. The study also intends to evaluate clinical treatment success using a novel clinical endpoint for drug development in severe malaria. Severe malaria is a medical emergency and is affecting primarily young children in Africa. Injectable artesunate is the standard of care for the treatment of severe malaria and is highly efficacious. However, the spread of artemisinin-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Asian countries poses a threat for future treatment of patients with this life-threatening disease. To mitigate this risk, there is a need of another drug in malaria endemic countries. Cipargamin treatment results in rapid clearance of parasites including artemisinin resistant parasites.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

254

Conditions

Severe Malaria

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 6 MonthsMax age: 100 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Cohort 1: Participants aged ≥ 12 years with moderately severe malaria as defined in (prostration and/or repeated vomiting) without presence of other signs of severe malaria (and with high P. falciparum parasitemia (60,000-250,000 parasites per µl) * Subsequent Cohorts 2 to 5: Participants diagnosed with severe malaria as defined in modified version of WHO criteria and P. falciparum parasite count of ≥ 5000 per µl * Cohort 2: Participants aged ≥ 12 years * Cohort 3: Participants aged 6 - \< 12 years * Cohort 4: Participants aged 2 - \< 6 years * Cohort 5: Participants aged ≥ 6 months - \< 2 years Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria applying to all Cohorts 1 to 5: * Mixed Plasmodium infections * Treatment with quinine or artemisinin derivative or any other antimalarial drug or any antibiotic with known antimalarial activity within 12 hours of screening. * Signs/symptoms of severe malnutrition in general accordance with WHO guidelines: 1. Under 18 years: \<-3 Z-scores of WHO growth standard for weight-for-height/length (in children \< 5 years) or BMI for age (5-18 years), or very low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC \< 115 mm in children \< 12 years, \< 160mm 12-18 years), or bilateral pitting edema 2. Over 18 years: BMI \< 16 kg/m2 or MUAC \< 160mm or bilateral pitting edema * Known underlying illness, surgical or medical condition, which is not related to ongoing event of severe malaria and which might jeopardize the participant's health in case of participation in the study or which might alter the distribution, metabolism or excretion of study treatment. For example: 1. neurological or neurodegenerative disorders, 2. cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease, diabetes, 3. epilepsy, cerebral palsy, 4. known or suspected to be HIV-1 positive and/or receiving antiretroviral treatment 5. malignancy of any organ system (other than localized basal cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ cervical cancer), treated or untreated, within the past 5 years, regardless of whether there is evidence of local recurrence or metastases 6. known or suspected cases of active infections or concurrent febrile illness such as TB, Typhoid, COVID-19 etc. Additional exclusion criteria are as follows: Exclusion criteria for Cohort 1: * ALT \> 5 x the upper limit of normal range (ULN), regardless the level of total bilirubin * Total bilirubin is \> 3 mg/dL * Body weight of \< 35 kg or \>75 kg Exclusion criteria for Cohort 2: * Body weight of \< 35 kg or \>75 kg * Participants diagnosed as moderately severe malaria due to repeated vomiting without presence of any of the symptoms of severe malaria Exclusion criteria for Cohorts 3 to 5: * Body weight of \< 5 kg * Participants diagnosed as moderately severe malaria due to repeated vomiting without presence of any of the symptoms of severe malaria

Locations (9)

Novartis Investigative Site

Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso

Novartis Investigative Site

Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Novartis Investigative Site

Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Novartis Investigative Site

Agboville, Côte d’Ivoire

Novartis Investigative Site

Kinsasha, Democratic Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Novartis Investigative Site

Siaya, Kenya

Novartis Investigative Site

Manhiça, Maputo Province, Mozambique

Novartis Investigative Site

Kigali, Rwanda

Novartis Investigative Site

Tororo, Uganda

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Percentage of participants achieving at least 90% reduction in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) at 12 hours

A blood draw will be performed at each collection time point for parasitemia assessment.

Time frame: Day 1 (12 Hours)

Secondary Outcomes

Percentage of participants achieving clinical success over time

Clinical success is a composite endpoint based on following criterias: 1. Is participant dead or alive 2. Presence of asexual parasites (yes/no) 3. Presence of any of the key signs of severe malaria (yes/no)

Time frame: Day 3 (48 Hours), Day 4 to Day 29

Percentage of participants with individual signs of severe malaria over time

Individual signs of severe malaria over time will be monitored for the presence of the following signs of severe malaria during the entire study duration: 1. Altered consciousness - Prostration or GCS \< 11 for participants \> 5 years / BCS \< 3 for participants =\< 5 years of age 2. Renal Impairment - Serum creatinine \> 3xULN or \> 3 mg/dL or need for renal replacement therapy 3. Acidosis - Serum lactate \> 4 mmol/L 4. Respiratory distress - present or absent 5. Severe anemia - Hb \< 5 g/dl or Hb \< 7g/dl in pediatric and adults respectively or need of blood transfusion 6. Jaundice - Serum bilirubin \> 3 g/dl 7. Hypoglycemia- plasma glucose \< 40 mg/dL

Time frame: Day 1 to Day 29

Percentage of participants developing hemolysis (early and delayed) after treatment

Development (early and delayed) of hemolysis after treatment are defined as follows: Early Hemolytic anemia is defined as 10% or greater decrease in hemoglobin levels and an increase of LDH levels to \>390 U/L, or an increase of \>= 10% above baseline occurring up to Day 8 of the study. Delayed hemolytic anemia might occur \> 7 days after initiation of parenteral study drug (IV artesunate or IV cipargamin) during the study period. The event is characterized by a 10% or greater decrease in hemoglobin levels accompanied by increase of LDH levels to \>390 U/L, or an increase of \>= 10% compared to the values measured at Day 8 of the study.

Time frame: Day 8 and Day 29

Percentage of participants with neurological sequelae at Day 29

Detailed neurological examination will be conducted and relevant medical history collected under the following categories to assess the extent of neurological signs and symptoms at baseline and to monitor the extent of neurological sequelae in follow-up visits: 1. Consciousness 2. Cranial Nerve Palsy 3. Motor system 4. Convulsions 5. Sense organs (Examination more useful at time of hospital discharge and in follow-up visits)

Time frame: Day 29

Percentage of participants achieving at least 90% reduction in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum)

A blood draw will be performed at each collection time point for parasitemia assessment

Time frame: Day 2 (24 hours), Day 3 (48 hours)

Time to parasite clearance (PCT)

Parasite Clearance Time (PCT) is defined as the time from the first dose until the first total and continued disappearance of asexual parasite forms which remained at least a further 24 hours

Time frame: Day 1 (12 hours), Day 2 (24 hours), Day 3 (48 hours) and Day 4 (72 hours)

Time to fever clearance (FCT)

Fever Clearance Time (FCT) is defined as the time from the first dose until the first time the axillary body temperature decreased below and remained below 37.5°C axillary or 38.0°C oral/tympanic/rectal for at least a further 24 hours.

Time frame: Day 1 (12 hours), Day 2 (24 hours), Day 3 (48 hours) and Day 4 (72 hours)

Percentage of participants achieving P. falciparum parasite reduction ratios (PRR) at 12, 24 and 48 hours

PRR is defined as the ratio of asexual parasite at baseline divided by asexual parasite at post-baseline. If the asexual parasite count at post-baseline is 0, the half value of detection limit will be used to calculate the ratio.

Time frame: Day 1 (12 hours), Day 2 (24 hours) and Day 3 (48 hours)

Percentage of participants with recrudescence and reinfection

Time to event (recrudescence or reinfection) will be calculated from the time of first study medication to the date of first event if a patient experiences the event and be censored at the time of last parasite assessment if a patient does not experience the event due to whatever reason. Reinfection is defined as appearance of asexual parasites after clearance of initial infection with a genotype different from those parasites present at baseline. Recrudescence is defined as appearance of asexual parasites after clearance of initial infection with a genotype identical to that of parasites present at baseline. Reinfection and Recrudescence must be confirmed by PCR analysis.

Time frame: Day 29

Time to recover from prostration

To assess recovery of participants as measured by time (days and hours) to discharge from hospital or recovery from prostration compared to baseline.

Time frame: Day 1 to Day 29

Time to switch to oral therapy

Time to switch participants from IV therapy to Coartem (standard of drug for oral therapy) will be analyzed.

Time frame: Day 3 to Day 29

Time to discharge from hospital

All participants will be hospitalized. Time (Days and Hours) to discharge from hospital will be analyzed.

Time frame: Day 3 to Day 29

Number of Participants impacted on safety and tolerability assessments

Adverse events (AE), Serious Adverse events (SAEs) will be collected from first dosing, Death including whether in-hospital death and routine laboratory assessments will be done up to last follow-up visit or until the event has resolved to baseline grade or better or the event was assessed stable by the investigator or the participant was lost to follow-up or withdrew consent.

Time frame: Day 1 to Day 29

Observed maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. Cmax will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Time of maximum observed drug concentration occurrence (Tmax) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. Tmax will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. AUClast will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Area under the concentration time curve from time zero (pre-dose) extrapolated to infinite time (AUCinf) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. AUC(0-inf) will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Area Under the plasma concentration-time Curve from the time 0 to the last observed quantifiable concentration (AUC(0-t)) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. AUC(0-t) will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

AUC(0-t) divided by the dose administered (AUC(0- t)/D) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. AUC(0-t)/D will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Terminal elimination half life (T^1/2) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. The half-live will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

Total systemic clearance for intravenous administration (CL) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. CL will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8

volume of distribution during the terminal phase following intravenous elimination (Vz) of IV Cipargamin

Blood samples will be collected for activity-based pharmacokinetics characterization. Vz will be listed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Time frame: Day 1 - Day 8