Adult female and male patients, hospitalized with Covid-19 infection (confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction \[RT-PCR\]), will be screened for participation in this prospective, multi-center, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Enrolled patients will be randomized (1:1) into 2 treatment groups: Group 1 will receive the active treatment with Amizon® Max (international nonproprietary name enisamium iodide), one capsule (each containing 500 mg of enisamium iodide) 4 times daily every 6 hours for 7 days; patients in treatment Group 2 will receive a matching placebo capsule, 4 times daily every 6 hours for 7 days. Patient observation and follow-up are planned for 29 days, unless discharged before Day 29. The effect of treatment on Covid-19 will be evaluated by time from day of randomization to an increase of at least two points (from the status at randomization) on the severity rating scale (SR), the Time to Clinical Recovery (TTCR) of main Covid-19 symptoms / complications and the Sum of Severity Rating from Day 2 to Day 15 (SSR-15). Safety and tolerability of the study drug will be evaluated based on the intensity and course of adverse events (Es). Enisamium iodide is an antiviral small molecule. Enisamium inhibits replication of alpha- and beta- coronaviruses (human coronavirus NL63 and SARS-CoV-2, respectively) and influenza virus A and B. Mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2 includes the direct inhibition of the viral RNA polymerase.
This randomized, prospective, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, is conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug Amizon® Max (N-methyl-4-benzylcarbamidopyridinium iodide, international nonproprietary name enisamium iodide, lab code FAV00A) in comparison with placebo, for the treatment of hospitalized patients with RT-PCR confirmed Covid-19 infection. Enisamium iodide is an antiviral small molecule. Enisamium can directly inhibit influenza viral RNA replication and has antiviral effect against viruses, including coronaviruses (human coronavirus NL63, SARS-CoV-2).Based on the promising in-vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, it could be assumed that patients suffering from Covid-19 would benefit from a reduced virus load and this could lead to a reduction of Covid-19 typical symptoms that might prevent further complications associated with severe Covid-19 (e.g. active mechanical ventilation). Adult female and male patients, with Covid-19 infection, will be screened (Day 1) to participate in this trial. If all inclusion/exclusion criteria are fulfilled, randomization to treatment and a start of treatment will occur on Day 1. Patients will be randomized into 2 treatment groups (1:1) as follows: patients in treatment Group 1 will receive the active treatment with Amizon® Max capsule; patients in treatment Group 2 will receive a placebo capsule. The active treatment and placebo capsules are identical in appearance and size. Patients will take Amizon® Max capsules 500 mg (active ingredient enisamium iodide) 4 times a day every 6 hours (total daily dose 2,000 mg) for full 7 days. In the control group, patients will take placebo tablets 4 times a day for full 7 days. Patient observation interval is for as long as a subject is hospitalized Day 1 to Day 29. A follow-up visit will be performed on Day 29 (by phone as applicable for all subjects discharged from the hospital before Day 29). The effect of treatment on Covid-19 will be evaluated by the time from the day of randomization (Day 0) to an improvement of at least two points (from the status at randomization) on the severity rating scale (SR), the Time to Clinical Recovery (TTCR) of main Covid-19 symptoms / complications and the Sum of Severity Rating from Day 2 to Day 15 (SSR-15). Additional outcome measures of efficacy include the 'Days Alive' and 'Out of Hospital' from Day 1 until Day 15 (DAOH-14), the proportion of subjects discharged by Day 8, 15, 22, and 29, the incidence of complications (i.e. pneumonia, need for transfer to intensive care unit \[ICU\]), the incidence and days until occurrence of pneumonia, incidence and days until supplemental oxygen / high flow oxygen, incidence and days until (non-invasive / invasive mechanical ventilation), incidence and days until transfer to ICU, incidence and time to death, time to virus free, measurement of vital signs (i.e. fever (body temperature), respiratory rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation \[SpO2\]) and the course of symptoms of Covid-19. Symptom severity for headache, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, rhinorrhoea, fatigue, myalgia, diarrhoea will be monitored. Safety and tolerability of the study drug will be evaluated based on the intensity and course of adverse events (AEs), safety laboratory tests, as well as the investigator's and subject's overall assessment of tolerability of the treatment.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
592
Capsule formulations of the active product (enisamium iodide 500 mg; Investigational medicinal product 1 \[IMP-1\]). 1 capsule Amizon® Max contains: enisamium iodide 500 mg. Amizon® Max (active ingredient: enisamium iodide; IMP-1 will be administered as 1 capsule 4 times a day, every 6 hours (total dose 2,000 mg per day). Capsule will be taken orally (swallowed whole), together with a sufficient amount of liquid (preferably water). Treatment will start on Day 1 (randomization) and for up to 168 hours after the first dose administration i.e. Day 7 or Day 8. The site staff will ensure that the IMP (1 capsule) is taken every 6 hours by the study subjects. For documentation purposes, the IMP-1 packs (empty blister / blister with unused capsules) will be kept at the site and drug accountability forms are completed.
Capsule formulations of the reference product placebo Amizon® Max (IMP-2), will be identical in appearance (size, shape, and color), taste, and smell as the active formulation capsule. 1 capsule placebo Amizon® Max contains: placebo (no active substance). Amizon® Max placebo (IMP-2), will be administered as 1 capsule 4 times a day every 6 hours. Capsule will be taken orally (swallowed whole), together with a sufficient amount of liquid (preferably water). Treatment will start on Day 1 (randomization) and for up to 168 hours after the first dose administration i.e. Day 7 or Day 8. The site staff will ensure that the IMP (1 capsule) is taken every 6 hours by the study subjects. For documentation purposes, the IMP-2 packs (empty blister / blister with unused capsules) will be kept at the site and drug accountability forms are completed.
Municipal Enterprise "Volyn Regional Clinical Hospital" of Volyn Regional Council, Dept. Pulmonology
Lutsk, Volynsk, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'City Clinical Hospital #3' Chernivtsi City Council, Dept. Therapeutics #1, Dept. Therapeutics #2, Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine 'Bukovinian State University'
Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'Regional Clinical Infection Hospital Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council', Dept. #2, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'Regional Clinical Hospital Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council', Dept. Allergology
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'City Clinical Hospital #1 Ivano-Frankivsk City Council', Dept. Therapeutics
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise Kharkiv Regional Council 'Regional Clinical Infection Hospital', 1st Department, Kharkiv National Medical University, Chair of Infectious Diseases
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'Olexandrivska Clinical Hospital of Kyiv' Executive Authority of Kyiv City Council, Dept. Infections
Kyiv, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise "Kyiv City Clinical Hospital #9" Executive Authority of Kyiv City Council, Dept. Infections
Kyiv, Ukraine
Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise Lviv Regional Council 'Lviv Regional Infection Hospital', Fourth Diagnostic Department
Lviv, Ukraine
Ukraine Medical Stomatological Academy, Chair of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise 'Poltava Regional Infection Hospital Poltava Regional Council', Dept. Respiratory Infections
Poltava, Ukraine
...and 3 more locations
Efficacy - Time from day of randomization to an improvement of at least two points (from the status at randomization) on severity rating (SR) scale in days
Time from day of randomization to an increase of at least two points (from the status at randomization) on the following severity rating (SR) scale in days: 1. \- Death 2. \- Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 3. \- Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. \- Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. \- Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (Covid-19 related or otherwise) 6. \- Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care 7. \- Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen 8. \- Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Efficacy - Time to recovery (TTR) from Day 1 (randomization and start of IMP treatment)
Time to recovery (TTR) from day of randomisation: Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following 3 categories from the ordinal scale (same scale being used as for the primary endpoint): 6 - Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care 7 - Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen 8 - Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Time to Clinical Recovery (TTCR) of main Covid-19 symptoms/complications or discharge
Time to Clinical Recovery (TTCR) of main Covid-19 symptoms/complications or discharge, whichever comes first: TTCR is defined as the time (Days) from randomisation (active or placebo) until normalization of fever, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and cough, sustained for at least 48 hours. Normalization and alleviation criteria: * Fever ≤37.2°C * Respiratory rate - ≤24/minute on room air * Oxygen saturation - \>94% on room air * Cough: absent
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Sum of Severity Rating from Day 2 to Day 15 (SSR-15)
Sum of Severity Rating from Day 2 to Day 15 (SSR-15): Daily reporting of severity rating on an 8-point ordinal scale. The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status starting from initiation of study treatment (active or placebo) from Day 2 to Day 15. The scale from 1 to 8 as defined for the primary endpoint.
Time frame: Day 2 to Day 15
Severity Rating on Day 15 (SR-15):
Severity Rating on Day 15 (SR-15): Reporting of severity rating on Day 15 or Day of discharge whichever occurs first on an 8-point ordinal scale. The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status. The scale is defined from 1 (Death) to 8 (Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities) as defined for the primary endpoint.
Time frame: Day 15 or Day of discharge (whichever occurs first)
Days Alive and Out of Hospital until Day 15 (DAOH-14)
The number of days alive and discharged from hospital until day 15 will be calculated for each group and the treatment differences displayed.
Time frame: Day 2 to Day 15
Proportion of Subjects Discharged by Day 8, 15, 22, 29
The proportion of subjects discharged by Day 8, 15, 22 and 29 will be displayed for the two treatment groups.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Incidence of non-invasive ventilation
The analysis of the incidences of non-invasive ventilation will be performed by logistic regression model with the binary outcome as dependent variable, age as covariate, baseline severity rating, centre, treatment and centre x treatment as factors.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Days until non-invasive ventilation
The days until non-invasive ventilation will be calculated and the treatment differences displayed using the stratified log-rank test.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Total days of non-invasive ventilation
The total days of non-invasive ventilation will be evaluated by the generalized linear model based on the Poisson distribution and including age as covariate, baseline severity rating, centre, treatment and centre x treatment as factors into the model.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO
The analysis of the incidence rate of invasive mechanical ventilation will be performed by logistic regression model with the binary outcome as dependent variable, age as covariate, baseline severity rating, centre, treatment and centre x treatment as factors.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Days until invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO
The days until invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO will be calculated and the treatment differences displayed using the stratified log-rank test.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Course of qualitative RT-PCR viral test results
The course of qualitative RT-PCR virus test results will be evaluated by logistic regression with virus test as dependent variable, age as covariate, baseline severity rating, day, centre, treatment as fixed factors. In addition the interaction terms treatment x day and treatment x centre will be included as interaction term as fixed effect into the model. The treatment x day interaction term should detect any differences between treatments in the time until virus deletion.
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Viral test evaluation - Proportion of subjects free of SARS-CoV-2
Proportion of subjects SARS-CoV-2 free pharyngeal swabs / sputum samples (virus-free) on Days 8, 15, 22, 29
Time frame: Days 0, 8, 15, 22, 29
Overall assessment of efficacy (patient and investigator)
The investigator and the subject (each separately) will assess the overall (global) efficacy of the IMP, based on the change in symptoms using a Four-point verbal rating scale (VRS-4) (0=no symptoms / cured, 1=symptoms improved compared to Visit 1, 2=symptoms unchanged compared to Visit 1, 3=symptoms deteriorated compared to Visit 1).
Time frame: Day 29 or Day of discharge (whichever occurs first)
Adverse events (AEs)
Evaluate AEs by time of onset, actions taken, pattern of occurrence, and outcome
Time frame: Day 0 to Day 29
Overall assessment of tolerability of treatment (patient and investigator)
Difference in the global tolerability judgement scores on Day of Discharge from hospital (or Day 29, end of trial, if not discharged earlier). The investigator and the subject (each separately) will assess the overall (global) tolerability of the IMP using a five-point rating scale (0=very good, 1=good, 2=moderate, 3=poor, 4=very poor).
Time frame: Day 29 or Day of discharge (whichever occurs first)
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