Enhancing Exercise Training for Adults With COPD

Timed "Up & Go" test

This test measures the time it takes an individual to stand from a standard chair (approximately 46cm), walk 3 metres, walk back, and return to sit on the chair (Podsiadlo \& Richardson, 1991). The participant is timed from when the leave the seat to when they are seated again. A time of \>30 seconds is the cut-off for safe unsupervised participation (Podsiadlo \& Richardson, 1991). Anyone who gets a time \>30seconds will be informed that they cannot participate.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

1-minute sit-to-stand test

This test is a measure of exercise capacity that has been validated with individuals living with COPD (Puhan et al., 2013). Individuals sit on a standard chair without arm rests, keep their legs apart with about 90 degrees knee flexion and aligned with their hips, and are asked to hold their hands stationary on their hips.For the duration of 1 minute, participants are asked to do as many repetitions as possible of the sit to stand, without using arms for support. The number of repetitions is recorded.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

Handgrip Test

A Hand Dynamometer was be used to measure handgrip strength. Individuals sit with their shoulders adducted, elbows flexed to 90 ̊ and forearms in a neutral position (Puhan et al., 2013). They are then asked to squeeze the handle as much as possible and read to the nearest kilogram where the needle stopped, which is recorded. The best of six measurements is used as an indication of upper body strength.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

Six-minute walk test

To perform the six-minute walk test, participants walk along a track (or hallway) that is a minimum of 25 meters long (marked at each meter). Participants are instructed to walk at a comfortable pace for six minutes. Participants' dyspnea score will be measured using the modified Borg scale (Kendrick et al., 2000). A lower score, or covering less distance during the six minutes, is indicative of worse physical endurance and function (Sciurba et al., 2003). The distance walked by each participant during the six minutes is recorded after each test. If participants do not have a hallway that is 25 meters long, participants are asked to run/walk as far as possible in 6 minutes, tracking the number of steps they take or distance travelled with a free application on their phone. Take pulse immediately after completing the exercise for 1 minute (determine bpm).

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

3-minute step test

An alternative for the 6-minute walk/run test that can be completed indoors. Participants' will step up onto a single step and then back down repeatedly for 3 minutes. To determine beats per minute (BPM), take pulse immediately after completing the exercise for 1 minute. Participants' dyspnea score will be measured using the modified Borg scale (Kendrick et al., 2000). Number of steps is also recorded (Beaumont et al., 2019). Results are relative to the individual but provides a good indication of aerobic fitness and can be used to track progress.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

Borg Scale - Dyspnea

On a scale from 0-10, participants' indicate their breathlessness level. 0- No breathlessness at all to 10- Maximal breathlessness

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

Motivation for Exercise Questionnaire

This questionnaire was used to measure participants' reasons is for why they are, or would like to be, active on a regular basis. The rating scale is 1-7, 1 being not true at all, and 7 being very true

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire

Self-reported physical activity levels measured in length of bouts over the previous 7 days to determine physical activity frequency.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise scale

This 1-6 scale represents different feelings people have when they exercise. 1-true to how they typically feel when exercising, and 6-false to how they typically feel when exercising.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)

The Satisfaction with Life Questionnaire

This 5 item questionnaire was used to measure participants' level of life satisfaction. The higher the score, the higher the sense of life satisfaction. A score from 5-9 indicated extremely dissatisfied, 10-14 is dissatisfied, 15-19 indicated slightly below average life satisfaction. 20-24 is the average score, 25-29 is a high score indicative of higher life satisfaction and a score between 30-35 is a very high score and represent very high life satisfaction.

Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (9 weeks after baseline)