The purpose of this research is to understand if the study drug, also called sargramostim or Leukine®, can help prevent the worsening of COVID-19 when the study drug is inhaled. This study will also help researchers understand if inhaled sargramostim can help prevent visits to the emergency room or hospitalization, or death.
This Phase 2b, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study will randomize approximately 500 adult patients who are symptomatic with mild or moderate COVID-19 (as defined in the FDA Guidance Document: Covid-19: Developing Drugs and Biological Products for Treatment or Prevention, May 2020) who are at high risk for progression to more severe disease. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to inhaled sargramostim plus standard of care (SOC) or placebo plus SOC. Enrollment of patients who have completed a COVID-19 vaccination regimen or participated in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial will be capped at approximately 100 patients. All patients will be randomized to receive either 250 mcg of sargramostim or equivalent volume of placebo diluent. Treatment will be administered once daily for 5 days delivered via a vibrating mesh nebulizer. Patients will be followed for up to 60 days after start of treatment. Sargramostim (Leukine) is a formulation of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), which is a critical cytokine for healthy pulmonary function. Detailed studies have shown that GM-CSF is necessary for alveolar macrophage (AM) maturation and maintenance. Although GM-CSF was discovered as a myelopoietic growth factor, it has diverse additional effects that both promote differentiation of myeloid precursors into neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells and control function of mature myeloid cells. GM-CSF is also known to reverse immunoparalysis seen in sepsis, resulting in beneficial outcomes. In addition, GM-CSF prevents bacteremia in post influenza bacterial pneumonia through locally mediated improved lung antibacterial resistance and increased reactive oxygen species production by AMs. Pulmonary delivery of this GM-CSF has potential to reduce morbidity and mortality due to viral pneumonias, potentially including COVID-19.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
600
All patients randomized to the sargramostim treatment arm will be treated with 250 mcg inhaled sargramostim administered via a vibrating mesh nebulizer once daily for 5 days.
All patients in the control arm will receive an equivalent volume of inhaled placebo diluent administered via a vibrating mesh nebulizer once daily for 5 days.
Number of Participants With an Emergency Room Visit or Hospitalization, or Death by Day 28
Percentage of patients who experience any emergency room visit or hospitalization, or death
Time frame: 28 days
Disease Progression Based on NIAID Score
Proportion of patients with any progression of disease as determined by a ≥ 2-point increase from baseline in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) Ordinal Scale up to Day 28, and Day 60. The NIAID Ordinal Scale is a 1-8 scale and is an assessment of clinical status on a given study day. A score of 1 indicates the patient is not hospitalized and has no limitations on activities. A score of 8 indicates the patient has died.
Time frame: Day 28 and Day 60
Time to Disease Progression Based on NIAID Score
Time to progression of disease as determined by a ≥ 2-point increase in the NIAID ordinal scale up to Day 28, and Day 60. The NIAID ordinal scale is a 1-8 scale and is an assessment of clinical status on a given study day. A score of 1 indicates the patient is not hospitalized and has no limitations on activities. A score of 8 indicates the patient has died.
Time frame: Day 28 and Day 60
Change From Baseline in Overall Symptom Scores
Change from baseline in overall symptom score as measured by the Symptom Score Questionnaire on Day 7, Day 14 and Day 28. The overall symptom score is the sum of 14 individual symptom scores from Symptom Score Questionnaire. Individual symptom scores correspond to the following responses: None = 0, Mild = 1, Moderate = 2, Severe = 3; None = 0, 1-2 times = 1, 3-4 times = 2, 5 or more times = 3; Same as usual = 0, Less than usual = 1, No sense = 2. The lowest score could be 0, and the highest score could be 42. Patients with higher scores have more severe symptoms from COVID-19.
Time frame: Day 7, 14, and 28
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West Valley Research Clinic, LLC
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Applied Research Center of Arkansas
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Hope Clinical Research
Canoga Park, California, United States
Benchmark Research
Colton, California, United States
Synergy Healthcare
Bradenton, Florida, United States
Invesclinic US, LLC.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
Indago Research & Health Center, Inc. (Subject Visits Only)
Hialeah, Florida, United States
Encore Medical Research
Hollywood, Florida, United States
IMIC Inc.
Palmetto Bay, Florida, United States
Encore Medical Research of Weston
Weston, Florida, United States
...and 27 more locations
Number of Participants With Adverse Events
Adverse events up to Day 60
Time frame: 60 days