The objective of this non-randomized, within-group comparison was to evaluate the addition of mindfulness as a new technique in an outpatient group therapy program for participants diagnosed with a psychotic spectrum disorder, alongside of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), at admission and discharge. The first experiment compared scores of those who received mindfulness training plus standard psychiatric treatment or treatment as usual (TAU) against those who received TAU. The second experiment compared age using matched scores from participants who received mindfulness training plus TAU. Participants attended group therapy for a five-week minimum, and were taught the mindfulness practices of breath, acceptance, observation, remaining non-judgmental, and letting go.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
116
Younger Participants 19-29 years received TAU + Tx over 5 weeks
older participants 30-54 years received TAU + Tx over 5 weeks
Participants received TAU or Treatment As Ususal, Cognitive Behavior Therapy only
Change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Pre/Post Test at Week 5
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) is a 7-item survey of how often patients are bothered by symptoms of anxiety. Items are rated from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score is a sum of item scores and ranges from 0 (minimal depression) to 27 (severe depression). Outcome is reported as the change from baseline to approximately 5 weeks. Pre / Post-test scores were compared.
Time frame: Five weeks
Change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Score From Pre / Post-test at Week 5
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9-item survey of how often patients are bothered by symptoms of depression. Items are rated from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score is a sum of item scores and ranges from 0 (minimal depression) to 27 (severe depression). Outcome is reported as the change from baseline to approximately 5 weeks.
Time frame: Five weeks
CAGE-Adapted to Include Drug Use (CAGE-AID)
The Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye (CAGE) adapted to include drug use (CAGE-AID) is a screening tool to assess drug use. Participants are asked to answer yes (score of 1) or no (score of 0) to 4 questions about their drug use. Scores range from 0 to 4 with higher scores indicating greater substance use disorder. A score of 2 or higher indicates a problem with alcohol or drugs and is clinically significant. Outcome is reported as the number of participants who scored 2 or lower.
Time frame: baseline only
The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, or C-SSRS, measures four constructs: the severity of ideation, the intensity of ideation, behavior, and lethality. Items are rated on a scale from 0-4: Eligible participants scored at 2 or lower. 1. Only one time 2. A few times 3. A lot 4. All the time 0\) Don't know/Not applicable The Columbia was done prior to being considered for the Outpatient Mental Health program by another licensed mental health staff in another department. Only those who scored at 1-2 would be considered for Outpatient. Outcome is reported as the number of participants who score a one or two on the scale, which means they are considered safe to participate.
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Participants received TAU + mindfulness training
Time frame: baseline only