Bright Light Therapy on Post-stroke Insomniawith Post-stroke Insomnia

Inclusion Criteria: * first occurrence of stroke for the patient * matched International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage \[I60\], nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage \[I61\], other and unspecified nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage \[I62\], or cerebral infarction \[I63\]) (World Health Organization, 1997) * mild-to-moderate stroke (the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤14) * age ≥18 years * satisfactory cognitive function * post-stroke insomnia. Exclusion Criteria: * Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≤10 * recurrent stroke * aphasia * transient ischemic attack * schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mood disorder, previous insomnia disorder, or dementia before stroke * taking sleeping pills or antidepressants for 5 or more days within a 6-month timespan before the onset of stroke * post-stroke delirium * a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥ 14 * previous eye disease or post-stroke eye disease * severe auditory impairment * the use of psychotropic medications (hypnotics, benzodiazepine, benzodiazepine agonists, antidepressants \[mirtazapine or trazodone\] or antipsychotics)