Chronic postsurgical pain had number of prevalence on 20%. Its derivates from risk factors, but recent research provide new potential risk factors to develop chronic postsurgical pediatric pain. To increase the body of knowledge, an observational study is proposed in pediatric patients undergoing surgical intervention.
A cohort of pediatric patients undergoing surgery will be followed at the Maternal and Child Hospital October 12, Madrid. The group of patients that develops post-surgical chronic pain and the group that does not develop it will be observed, and risk factors will be studied. Before the surgical intervention, the risk factors described in the literature will be analyzed. Children will be followed up to 6 months after surgery.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
260
Pediatric Surgery with hospitalized
Faculty of Nurse, Physiotherapy and Podiatry. University Complutense of Madrid
Madrid, Spain
Type of surgery
Surgery Specialty.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Previous pathologies
Previous pathologies
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Baseline Child Catastrophizing
Assess by Child Catastrophizing scale.The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child (PCS-C);is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-C include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I feel like I can't go on"
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Child Catastrophizing at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by Child Catastrophizing scale.The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child (PCS-C);is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-C include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I feel like I can't go on"
Time frame: 3 months
Change of Child Catastrophizing at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by Child Catastrophizing scale.The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child (PCS-C);is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-C include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When I have pain, I feel like I can't go on"
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline Child Anxiety
Assess by Child Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) is a 20-item scale for children adapted from the adult PASS-20. For each statement, children are asked to rate the extent to which they think, act, or feel that way on a scale from 0 (''never think, act or feel that way'') to 5 (''always think, act, or feel that way''). Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain anxiety.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Child Anxiety at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by Child Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) is a 20-item scale for children adapted from the adult PASS-20. For each statement, children are asked to rate the extent to which they think, act, or feel that way on a scale from 0 (''never think, act or feel that way'') to 5 (''always think, act, or feel that way''). Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain anxiety.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Child Anxiety at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by Child Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) is a 20-item scale for children adapted from the adult PASS-20. For each statement, children are asked to rate the extent to which they think, act, or feel that way on a scale from 0 (''never think, act or feel that way'') to 5 (''always think, act, or feel that way''). Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain anxiety.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Pain Interference
Asess by PROMIS-Pediatric Pain Interference Scale (PPIS): The 8-item PPIS assesses how the child's pain has interfered with certain aspects of their life over the past 7 days (eg, sleep, attention, schoolwork, physical activities, emotion). Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from "never" to "almost always". Scores range from 0 to 32 where higher scores indicate greater pain-related functional impairment.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Pain Interference at 3 moths postsurgery
Asess by PROMIS-Pediatric Pain Interference Scale (PPIS): The 8-item PPIS assesses how the child's pain has interfered with certain aspects of their life over the past 7 days (eg, sleep, attention, schoolwork, physical activities, emotion). Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from "never" to "almost always". Scores range from 0 to 32 where higher scores indicate greater pain-related functional impairment.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Pain Interference at 6 moths postsurgery
Asess by PROMIS-Pediatric Pain Interference Scale (PPIS): The 8-item PPIS assesses how the child's pain has interfered with certain aspects of their life over the past 7 days (eg, sleep, attention, schoolwork, physical activities, emotion). Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from "never" to "almost always". Scores range from 0 to 32 where higher scores indicate greater pain-related functional impairment.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Child Fear of pain
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Children (FOPQ-C): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in children. The FOPQ-C include 23 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across two subscales: fear of pain, and avoidance activities.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Child Fear of pain at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Children (FOPQ-C): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in children. The FOPQ-C include 23 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across two subscales: fear of pain, and avoidance activities.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Child Fear of pain at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Children (FOPQ-C): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in children. The FOPQ-C include 23 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across two subscales: fear of pain, and avoidance activities.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Child Kinesiophobia
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Child Kinesiophobia at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Child Kinesiophobia at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Health-related Quality of Life in Children
Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items and includes both child-report (for those age 8 and over). The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Health-related Quality of Life in Children at 3 moths postsurgery
Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items and includes both child-report (for those age 8 and over). The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change Health-related Quality of Life in Children at 6 moths postsurgery
Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items and includes both child-report (for those age 8 and over). The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Pain intensity
Assess by The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a verbally administered scale that measures pain intensity (''how much pain do you feel right now?''). The NRS can also be used to measure pain unpleas- antness (''how unpleasant/horrible/yucky is the pain right now?''). The end points represent the extremes of the pain experience.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Pain intensity 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a verbally administered scale that measures pain intensity (''how much pain do you feel right now?''). The NRS can also be used to measure pain unpleas- antness (''how unpleasant/horrible/yucky is the pain right now?''). The end points represent the extremes of the pain experience.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Pain intensity at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a verbally administered scale that measures pain intensity (''how much pain do you feel right now?''). The NRS can also be used to measure pain unpleas- antness (''how unpleasant/horrible/yucky is the pain right now?''). The end points represent the extremes of the pain experience.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Parent Anxiety
Assess by Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-Short Form (PASS-20) PASS-2022 consists of 20 items that measure the fear and anxiety-related thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physical sensations that accompany the experience and anticipation of pain. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (never) to 5 (always) and total scores range from 0 to 100. The PASS-20 has four subscales: cognitive, escape/avoidance, fear, and physiological anxiety.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Parent Anxiety at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-Short Form (PASS-20) PASS-2022 consists of 20 items that measure the fear and anxiety-related thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physical sensations that accompany the experience and anticipation of pain. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (never) to 5 (always) and total scores range from 0 to 100. The PASS-20 has four subscales: cognitive, escape/avoidance, fear, and physiological anxiety.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Parent Anxiety at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-Short Form (PASS-20) PASS-2022 consists of 20 items that measure the fear and anxiety-related thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physical sensations that accompany the experience and anticipation of pain. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (never) to 5 (always) and total scores range from 0 to 100. The PASS-20 has four subscales: cognitive, escape/avoidance, fear, and physiological anxiety.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Parent Catastrophizing
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Parent report (PCS-P) is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-P include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I feel like I can't go on"
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Parent Catastrophizing at 3 months postsurgery
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Parent report (PCS-P) is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-P include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I feel like I can't go on"
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Parent Catastrophizing at 6 months postsurgery
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Parent report (PCS-P) is a validated self-report measure that is used to assess negative thinking associated with pain. The PCS-P include 13 items, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 = "not at all true" to 4 = "very true." The items are divided across three subscales: rumination (4 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I can't keep it out of my mind"), magnification (3 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I keep thinking of other painful events") and helplessness (6 items, e.g. "When my child has pain, I feel like I can't go on"
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Parent Fear of pain
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Parents (FOPQ-P): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in parents with his children are in pain. The FOPQ-P include 24 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across three subscales: fear of pain, avoidance of activities and school avoidance.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Parent Fear of pain at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Parents (FOPQ-P): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in parents with his children are in pain. The FOPQ-P include 24 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across three subscales: fear of pain, avoidance of activities and school avoidance.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Parent Fear of pain at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Parents (FOPQ-P): Is a validated self-report measure that used to asses fear of pain in parents with his children are in pain. The FOPQ-P include 24 ítems, which are rated on a 5-point scale ranging 0=" not at all" 5="very true". The items are divided across three subscales: fear of pain, avoidance of activities and school avoidance.
Time frame: 6 moths
Baseline Parent Kinesiophobia
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Parent Kinesiophobia at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Parent Kinesiophobia at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by The Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Is a 11-item scale that measures fear of move- ment-evoked pain and injury. Scale items ranges from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with 4 reversed- scored items. Total scores range from 25 to 56 with higher scores indicative of a greater fear of movement.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 moths, 6 months
Baseline Health-related Quality of life in children
Assess by Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 Parent Version (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items, parent proxy-report forms of quality of life in younger children. Parent proxy reports have also been used for children in the age range from 2-18 years. The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Health-related Quality of life in children at 3 moths postsurgery
Assess by Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 Parent Version (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items, parent proxy-report forms of quality of life in younger children. Parent proxy reports have also been used for children in the age range from 2-18 years. The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Health-related Quality of life in children at 6 moths postsurgery
Assess by Pediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 Parent Version (PedsQL 4.0), which is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life in children. The PedsQL consists of 23-items, parent proxy-report forms of quality of life in younger children. Parent proxy reports have also been used for children in the age range from 2-18 years. The PedsQL assesses the following four domains of functioning: physical, emotional, social, and school and items are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (never a problem) to 4 (almost always a problem). Items are converted to create a 0-100 scale, with higher scores reflecting higher quality of life.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline Pain intensity assess by parents
Asees by Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM). The PPPM is completed by parents to assess children's pain following surgery and is the only validated measure of parent-report postoperative pain severity in children. Parents are asked to indicate the presence or absence of each of 15 behavioral indicators of pain.
Time frame: 1 day presurgery
Change of Pain intensity assess by parents at 3 moths postsurgery
Asees by Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM). The PPPM is completed by parents to assess children's pain following surgery and is the only validated measure of parent-report postoperative pain severity in children. Parents are asked to indicate the presence or absence of each of 15 behavioral indicators of pain.
Time frame: 3 moths
Change of Pain intensity assess by parents at 6 moths postsurgery
Asees by Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM). The PPPM is completed by parents to assess children's pain following surgery and is the only validated measure of parent-report postoperative pain severity in children. Parents are asked to indicate the presence or absence of each of 15 behavioral indicators of pain.
Time frame: 6 months