The investigators will investigate the existence of alcohol drinking among children living under adult supervision and care, living within the communities. The investigators will focus on the age group 6-13 years overlapping with the recommended age for primary school attendance. The project is approaching the research topic using quantitative and qualitative methods. The TREAT C-AUD research project will therefore document to which degree alcohol drinking is a problem among children in Mbale, Eastern Uganda.
Uganda has as many other sub-Saharan countries high alcohol consumption per capita and traditions for home brewing. The TREAT C-AUD research project, with partners from Makerere University in Uganda, University of Bergen and Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Norway, will investigate the existence of alcohol drinking among children living under adult supervision and care, living within the communities. The investigators will focus on the age group 6-13 years overlapping with the recommended age for primary school attendance. The project is approaching the research topic from comprehensive perspectives including a large cross-sectional study, interviews with parents and carers, children and stakeholders in the communities, schools and in the health system. The investigators have been including community representatives, expert groups, user groups and stakeholders in the development of screening tools and will do so in interpreting and disseminating the results. The investigators have to take the Covid-19 situation into account both with regard to its effect on the research question at stake and the methods used. The TREAT C-AUD research project will therefore document to which degree alcohol drinking is a problem among children in the communities in Mbale District, Eastern Ugandan. The data collection is capturing cofactors such as other substance use, mental health, parenting, trauma, nutrition and growth. The development of alcohol assessment tools can be used by the health- and school-system for detection and handling of children having problems with alcohol. The investigators will collaborate closely with services in case of identification of children suffering severe harm and adhere to Good Clinical Practice guidelines for ethical conduct, the consent procedure, follow-up and referral.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
7,188
School of Public Health, Makerere University
Kampala, Uganda
RECRUITINGPrevalence of alcohol use disorder using context adapted CRAFFT screening tool
Period
Time frame: 2020-2021
Parenting: Alabama Parenting questionnaire short form (APQ - 15)
The short form includes 15 items scored 0 (never), 1 (almost never), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), 4 (always) on the five subscales as follows: Involvement (3 qs), Positive Parenting (3 qs), Poor Monitoring/Supervision (3 qs), Inconsistent Discipline (3 qs), Corporal Punishment (3 qs), respectively. No reverse coding necessary when sub-scales reported separately.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Parenting: Conflict Tactic Scale (Original: Straus, 1979, we use: Murray 1995) Version: PARENT-CHILD CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES, FORM CTSPC-CA
Parent score: 0=no, 1=yes Parent form: Min= 0, max= 22 High score indicates high level of conflict and violence. Child score: 0 = it has not happened in the past year 1. = less than monthly 2. = monthly 3. = weekly 4. =daily Included subscales: Psychological aggression (5 qs), severe assault (4 qs), and very severe assault (4 qs), problems with taking care of child (5 qs) Child form: Min = 0, max = 88 High score indicates high level of conflict and violence.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Child trauma: Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS)
Scored yes (1) or no (0). 16 questions, yes/no Min: 0 Max: 16 The total score is calculated by adding together the score for each of the items where a higher score indicates more traumatic events.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Adult trauma: Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ)
Scored yes (1) or no (0). 14 questions Min: 0 Max 14 The total score is calculated by adding together the score for each of the items where a higher score indicates more stressful live events.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Post traumatic stress disease (PTSD) 2-item checklist
2 questions on clinical and psychological symptoms recorded as: 0=Not at all 1. A little bit 2. Moderately 3. Quite a Bit 4. Extremely Min-Max: 0-8 A higher score means higher symptom load.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Child mental health: Pediatric symptom checklist (PSC) - child and adolescent version 35 Mental health measures using Pediatric symptom checklist
PSC (Pediatric symptom checklist) 35 questions. It is scored from 2 (often), 1 (sometimes), to 0 (never). Minimum score= 0, maximum score = 70 The total score is calculated by adding together the score for each of the items where a higher score indicates more impairment.
Time frame: 2020-2021
Carer mental health: Self Reporting questionnaire (SRQ) Mental health measures using Pediatric symptom checklist - child version
20 questions. Scored yes (1) or no (0). The total score is calculated by adding together the score for each of the items where a higher score indicates more symptoms of mental illness. Min: 0, max: 20
Time frame: 2020-2021
Carer substance use: The alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)
10 questions, most reported as increasing frequency. The higher score the more vulnerability to having an alcohol drinking problem. Min: 0, max: 20
Time frame: 2020-2021
Dietary diversity- 24 hour recall, food categories as specified by food and agriculture organization 2010 (ISBN 978-92-5-106749-9)
A higher score means higher diversity
Time frame: 2020-2021
Food frequency questionnaire
the most common food items captured as: 0 = No/never, 1. = Yes, less than weekly 2. = 1-3 times/week 3. = 4-6 time/week 4. = daily A higher score means a richer, more diversified diet
Time frame: 2020-2021
Household food security-HIFAS
6 questions on food security recorded as: 0 = No/never 1. = Seldom/rare: less than once per month 2. = Sometimes: 1-2 days last month 3. = Often: 3-10 days/month 4. = Very often/usually: more than 10 days last month A higher score means higher household food insecurity.
Time frame: 2020-2021
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