The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Periodontitis

Overview

This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and stage/grade of periodontitis per the current classification of periodontal diseases. 142 patients (82 males/60 females) were included in this study. "2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions" was taken as basis to characterize the stage/grade of periodontitis. As well as age, gender, smoking status, and frequency of tooth brushing, medical data of the patients including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were obtained from the patient's hospital records. Obesity was assessed by BMI using the "World Health Organization" criteria.

In this retrospective study, dental and medical records of 200 patients diagnosed with periodontitis who applied to Baskent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology between January 2019 and January 2021 were reviewed. Fifty three patients were excluded due to unclear or missing data, and five subjects were not included as they were under the age of 18. The final study population therefore consisted of 142 patients (82 males/60 females). As well as age, gender, smoking status, and frequency of tooth brushing, medical data of the patients including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were obtained from the patient's hospital records. Periodontal records of the patients were obtained for six different sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, and disto-lingual) per tooth. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median (minimum-maximum) were utilized for quantitative variables, and number of patients (percentage) were utilized for qualitative variables as descriptors. For quantitative variables, Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed to see whether there was a statistically significant difference between categories of the qualitative variable with more than two categories. Chi-square test was used for investigating the relationship between two qualitative variables. For determining the risk factors considered to have an effect on the dependent quantitative variable, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance level was defined to be 0.05.