The Clinical Referral to Activity Study

University of Pittsburgh54 enrolled

Overview

The main aim of this effort is to test a physical activity intervention, for adult clinical care patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The intervention includes 13 weekly and 6 monthly social-cognitive theory-based sessions, remote coaching, a body worn physical activity tracker (PAT), and is delivered online over one year. A total of n=54 Clinical care patients aged 40-70 years of age with low physical activity (PA) levels (\<150 minutes/week) at risk for cardiovascular disease will be recruited. Study outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months after intervention start and 12 months after intervention start. For the primary outcomes, the investigators hypothesize that participants randomized to ActiveGOALSv2 + PAT will have significantly larger (a) increases in step counts/day and % meeting moderate-vigorous physical activity goal of 150 minutes/week (to 12 months) compared to the active PAT control group. Descriptive analyses and graphic displays will be used to identify outliers, missing data, and pattern of attrition. To ensure rigor, the primary analytic strategy will be a linear or generalized mixed-effect models approach in which treatment group, time, and time by group interaction are treated as fixed effects, and subject is treated as a random effect to account for individual subject variability (two sided hypothesis test; .05 level). Mixed models are applicable to longitudinal datasets that contain missing observations, (assuming data is missing at random). Regression modeling will be conducted to adjust for important covariates. The investigators will perform similar analyses to examine changes in secondary outcomes. Descriptive statistics on patient experience, beliefs/attitudes related to maintenance of physical activity changes, and program cost will also be reported. Power and sample size: For a 2 sided test with alpha level set at .05, and assuming 20% attrition at 12 months, the investigators plan to recruit 54 participants to identify clinically relevant mean difference between randomized groups at 12-months of 2000 steps/day (with a power of .80), and 35% meeting MVPA goal (with a power of .80), given reference mean (sd) values were calculated from baseline waist worn accelerometer data from the current K12 of: 5250 (2200) steps/ day and the investigators assume 5% meeting goal at baseline in the control group. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the total eligible population, those referred, and those referred who participated in the study; in order to determine program reach. Exploratory Analysis of Important Pre-Existing Factors: Factor analysis will be used to identify importance of factors related to physical activity levels/ activity goal achievement over the 12 month follow-up (Mplus) from participant EHR data collected prior to intervention start. Factor structures of how individual factors contribute to activity outcomes will be explored at each time point. The best factor structure will be determined with Eigenvalues and fit indices (RMSEA, CFI, and TLI). Factor structures at the 2 time points will be compared at three levels to establish measurement invariance: 1) Configural equivalence, number of factors/ pattern of factor-indicator relationships are identical over time; 2) Metric equivalence, factor loadings are equal over time; and 3) Scalar equivalence, means and values are equivalent over time. Finally, the investigators will use descriptive statistics to report presence/absence of data on physical activity levels, cardiometabolic, and patient-centered outcomes in the EHR. The investigators will apply the same regression approaches utilized in Aim 1a to determine differences between randomized groups for EHR reported outcomes.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 40 YearsMax age: 70 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 40-70 years of age * Low physical activity (PA) levels (\<150 minutes/week) * At least one of the following common cardiometabolic risk factors: * high blood pressure:\> 129 mm hg SP or \>89 mm hg DP or medication * high fasting glucose:\>100 mg/dl or high HbA1c: ≥42 mmols/mol or medication * overweight/ obesity: BMI ≥25 kg/m2). * Have access to the internet * Able to read English at a 6th grade level * Have primary care provider (PCP) permission to increase physical activity without supervision. Exclusion Criteria: * Have participated in a physical activity intervention program with behavior tracking and goal setting in the past year. * Told by a physician that they have diabetes (other than previous gestational diabetes) or have received a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, regardless of when. * Pregnant or planning a pregnancy in \<12 months * Non-ambulatory or planning a procedure that will lead to not being ambulatory in \<12 months. * Women who become pregnant during the study will be required to get an updated referral form from their primary care provider (PCP) stating that they are able to increase their physical activity without supervision .

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change From Baseline in Meeting the Aerobic Activity Goal at 12 Months

Change between 0 and 12 months for y/n meeting the 150 minute/week moderate-vigorous activity goal based on minutes of activity from accelerometer

Time frame: 12 months versus baseline

Change From Baseline in Step Counts at 12 Months

Objectively measured change in step counts between 0 and 12 months using ActiGraph accelerometer

Time frame: 12 months versus baseline

Secondary Outcomes

Sedentary Behavior Minutes Over All Timepoints for 12 Months

Objectively measured sedentary behavior at each timepoint using ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 1 week, data for a given timepoint was averaged using only valid days during that week to assess average minutes/day. Valid days are days the monitor was worn for 10 or more hours.

Time frame: baseline, 6 and 12 months

Moderate-vigorous Activity Minutes Over All Timepoints for 12 Months

Objectively measured moderate-vigorous activity at each timepoint using ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 1 week, data for a given timepoint was averaged using only valid days during that week to assess average minutes/day. Valid days are days the monitor was worn for 10 or more hours.

Time frame: baseline, 6 and 12 months

Light Activity Minutes Over All Timepoints for 12 Months

Objectively measured Light activity at each timepoint using ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 1 week, data for a given timepoint was averaged using only valid days during that week to assess average minutes/day. Valid days are days the monitor was worn for 10 or more hours.

Time frame: baseline, 6 and 12 months

Step Counts Over All Timepoints for 12 Months

Objectively measured Step counts at each timepoint using ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 1 week, data for a given timepoint was averaged using only valid days during that week to assess average steps/day. Valid days are days the monitor was worn for 10 or more hours.

Time frame: baseline, 6 and 12 months

Patient Experience

patient experience survey designed for this study with the help of patient partners to gather feedback from participants. Feedback will be used in the development of future interventions

Time frame: measured at 6 and 12 months

Systolic Blood Pressure Over All Timepoints for 12 Months

Taken by trained clinic staff using a validated automated blood pressure cuff after participant is seated in an upright position for 5 minutes. Two measure will be taken and the average of the two measures will be used. If the measures are not within 5 mmHG, a third measure will be taken.