The project focuses on two central issues: 1. The impact of intensity of sport on the cognitive functioning and brain waves of children in late childhood (10-12 years old); 2. The specific impact of individual forms of sporting competitions classified according to dynamic, static components as well as closed / open skill exercise. The variables will be age, gender, and fluid intelligence. Additionally, children's temperament will be examined in order to assess its relationship with the preferences for choosing a particular type of sport activity and the intensity of this activity.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
179
No intervention
University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Poland
Attention
\- PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016) - attention (the ability to orientate on stimulus, motor speed, maintain attention on the visual stimulus, distinguishing significant and non-significant material). Higher score means better attention.
Time frame: Baseline
Brain Waves
\- EEG Biofeedback - bioelectric recording of brain activity from a centrally placed electrode to measure fast brainwaves (Alpha, Beta1, Beta2) and slow brainwaves (Delta, Theta)
Time frame: Baseline
Short-term memory of verbal material material
\- PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better short-term memory of verbal material
Time frame: Baseline
Visual-spatial material
\- PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better visual-spatial material.
Time frame: Baseline
Executive functions
\- PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better executive functions.
Time frame: Baseline
Language functions
\- PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better language functions.
Time frame: Baseline
Episodic memory of visual-spatial material
\- Diagnosis of Brain Injury (DUM) (Weidlich, Lamberti, 1996) \[assessment of episodic memory of visual-spatial material (the rate of acquiring new information, the process of consolidation - the ability to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory)\]. Higher score means better episodic memory of visual-spatial material (maximal points: 54, minimal: 0).
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Time frame: Baseline
Sports Intensity by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (in a modified version, relating to children) (Biernat, 2007)
Higher scores mean a better physical activity. In test there are 3 categories of activity: insufficient (less than 600), sufficient (600 - 1500 or 600 - 3000) or high (more than 1500 or 3000 MET-min / week)
Time frame: Baseline
Intelligence by CFT 20-R, The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) - version 2, part 1 only (Cattell, Weiss, adapt. Stańczak,2013)
Measurement of fluid intelligence. Higher score means higher fluid intelligence (maximum number of points: 56, minimal: 0).
Time frame: Baseline
Temperament by EAS Buss & Plomin Questionnaire (Buss, Plomin, 1997)
A questionnaire for parents, coaches, teachers. It consists of 20 items - statements, which suitableness is rated by the subject on a five-point scale (from "Never true" to "Always true"). This version has four scales: Shyness, Sociability, Activity, and Emotionality and has 20 items relating to each of the 4 temperaments. There is a 5-point rating scale (from 1: "not characteristic or typical of your child" to 5 : "very characteristic or typical of your child"). These scores belong to each temperament and they are summed.
Time frame: Baseline