Background: Dysphagia is frequently observed in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But tongue strength has not been investigated yet in COPD subjects. The investigators hypothesized that tongue strength is weaker in COPD subjects compared to normal subjects. Methods: This was a single-centre, observational, and cross-sectional study. Twenty-seven subjects with COPD and twenty-four age-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. Isometric tongue strength was measured using a device fitted with a disposable oral balloon probe. The investigators also evaluated handgrip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) to define participants as having sarcopenia. ASM, fat free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Gait speed was measured using the 6-meter walking test. The eating assessment test-10 (EAT-10) was used to diagnose dysphagia.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
51
The probe was inflated at a baseline pressure of 19.6 kilopascal (kPa). To measure MTP, the balloon was positioned on the anterior palate with the lips closed. Subjects raised their tongue and compressed the balloon onto the palate with maximal voluntary muscular effort for approximately 7s. The measurement was taken three times with a 1-min interval. The maximum value was recorded as the MTP.
Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
Ōsaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
maximum tongue pressure
To measure maximum tongue pressure (MTP), the balloon was positioned on the anterior palate with the lips closed. Subjects raised their tongue and compressed the balloon onto the palate with maximal voluntary muscular effort for approximately 7s. The measurement was taken three times with a 1-min interval. The maximum value was recorded as the MTP.
Time frame: 1 day
handgrip strength
Handgrip strength was measured three times for the right hand using a grip strength dynamometer and mean values were used.
Time frame: 1 day
fat free mass index (FFMI)
FFMI (kg/m\^2) was calculated by fat free mass／height\^2(m\^2).
Time frame: 1 day
skeletal muscle mass (SMI)
SMI (kg/m\^2) was calculated by skeletal muscle mass ／height\^2(m\^2).
Time frame: 1 day
fat free mass
Fat free mass was measured using the medical body composition analyzer. It is designed for measurements in the supine position, using four pairs of electrodes (eight electrodes in total), positioned on each hand and foot21. Supine measurements were taken after lying down for 10 minutes. Alcohol was prohibited for 24h prior to the impedance measurements.
Time frame: 1 day
skeletal muscle mass
Skeletal muscle mass was measured using the medical body composition analyzer. It is designed for measurements in the supine position, using four pairs of electrodes (eight electrodes in total), positioned on each hand and foot21. Supine measurements were taken after lying down for 10 minutes. Alcohol was prohibited for 24h prior to the impedance measurements.
Time frame: 1 day
height
Time frame: 1 day
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