Sarcopenia has been defined as an age related, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The prevalence of sarcopenia is about 10% globally, and risk factors of sarcopenia includes age, lower physical activity, and malnutrition. Sarcopenia can lead to many adverse health outcomes, particularly in physical and cognitive functions. Most of previous studies have reported that interactive exergame can improve cognitive and physical functions in older population but none of studies use of interactive exergame on older adults with sarcopenia. Therefore, the aim of study will investigate the effects of interactive exergame on older adults with sarcopenia.
A total of 60 older participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group will receive 40 minutes per session, 2 times a week for 12 weeks interactive exergame while those in the control group will maintain their regular activity. All participants will be assessed their physical and cognitive function, sarcopenia index and other health related outcome measurements before and after intervention program.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
The one-to-one supervised training session consists of 10 min warm-up exercise, 40 min interactive exergame, and 10 min cool-down exercise. Both physical (muscle strength, coordination and balance in lower limbs) and cognitive functions (visuospatial, attention, short-term memory, calculation, reaction and executive function) will be trained through the interactive exergame.
Community daycare center
Taipei, Taiwan
RECRUITINGHand grip
Dominant hand grip (kg) will measured by a dynamometer. Participants will stand with their arms down by their sides. They will squeeze the dynamometer with maximum isometric effort, which is maintained for 6 seconds. Female less than 18 kg and man less than 28 kg indicate weakness in grip strength.
Time frame: Change from Baseline hand grip at Week 12
Lower limbs strength
Lower limbs strength will be assessed by the Five Times Sit to Stand. Participants will be asked to sit on the chair with arms folded across their chest, and stand up and sit down as quickly as possible for 5 times. The time (s) to complete the task will be recorded.The time more than 12 seconds indicates weakness in lower limbs strength.
Time frame: Change from Baseline lower limbs strength at Week 12
Appendicular muscle mass
Appendicular muscle mass will be assessed by the Body Impedance Analysis (BIA).Participants will be asked to stand on the machine and hold the handle of the machine. Female less than 5.7kg/m2 and male less than 7 kg/m2 indicate lower muscle mass.
Time frame: Change from Baseline appendicular muscle mass at Week 12
Function ability
Function ability test will be determined by the timed up and go test (TUG). Participants will be asked to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The times(s) to complete the task will be recorded. Higher than 12s indicate weakness in function ability.
Time frame: Change from Baseline function ability at Week 12
Static balance
Static balance test will be assessed by the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance(mCTSIB), The mCTSIB was developed as a clinical version of the Sensory Organization Test and was developed to assesses sensory contributions to postural control. Participants will stand with their hands at their sides, feet together and perform the following 4 sensory conditions: (1) Stand on firm surface with eyes open (2) Stand on firm surface with eyes closed (3) Stand on foam surface with eyes open (4) Stand on foam surface with eyes closed. Each condition will be timed for maximum 30 seconds. The test is terminated when a participant's arms or feet moves. If participants are unable to maintain the position for 30 seconds, they are then provided with 2 additional attempts. The time (s) to complete each condition will be recorded.If they can't complete this test indicate weakness in static balance
Time frame: Change from Baseline static balance at Week 12
Walking ability
Walking ability test will be measured by the 6 meter walk test. Participant will be asked to walk at their self-selected speed. The time for the middle 6 meters will be recorded and walking speed (m/s) will be calculated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline walking ability at Week 12
Fear of falling
Fear of falling will be measured by the Falls Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I). The FES-I rates each daily task from "no confident at all" to "completely confident". The total score is between 16 and 64, and the score more than 28 indicates higher level of fear of falling.
Time frame: Change from Baseline fear of falling at Week 12
Cognitive function
Cognitive function will be evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which includes visuospatial abilities, short-term memory recall task, multiple aspects of executive functions, attention, concentration, and working memory. The total score is 30 and the score less than 26 indicates mild cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Change from Baseline cognitive function at Week 12
Physical Activity
Physical Activity will be examined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form. Participants will be asked about their duration (in minutes) and frequency (days) when performing four specific types of activity: walking, moderate intensity, vigorous intensity and sitting. Female less than 270 kcal and male less than 383 kcal indicate low physical activity.
Time frame: Change from Baseline physical activity at Week 12
Diet record
Diet record will be examined by the Three Day Diet Record. Participants will be asked to record their three random days' protein diet during a week, every week when they start the intervention, researchers will record their new data.
Time frame: Change from Baseline diet record at Week 12
Depression
Depression will be evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) consisting of 15 questions. Participants will be asked to recall their feelings about some things in the past week. The answer is "Yes" or "No". The score is calculated according to the nature of the question, and the total score is 15 points. The higher the score, the higher the degree of depression. When the score is greater than 5 points, it indicates the presence of depression.
Time frame: Change from Baseline depression at Week 12
Health-related quality of life
Quality of life will be evaluated by the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version consisting of 28 questions, which is simplified from the WHOQOL long form. Two of these questions are self-evaluated quality of life and health status, other 26 questions fall into four categories (physiological, psychological, social, and environmental quality of life).The higher score and the better quality of life.
Time frame: Change from Baseline health-related quality of life at Week 12
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.