Clinical and Ultrasonographic Comparison of the Effect of Hot and Cold Therapy on Spasticity

Overview

Spasticity is a positive sign of upper motor neuron syndrome. The frequency of spasticity development in patients with stroke is 38%. Spasticity is one of the important factors that negatively affect the rehabilitation potential and functional recovery of the patient. In the treatment of spasticity, oral antispasticide drugs, phenol, ethyl alcohol, botulinum toxin, and chemical nerve and motor point blocks, physical therapy, and rehabilitation, surgical methods are used. In the physical therapy rehabilitation program of spasticity, stretching and strengthening exercises, cold application, warm application, ultrasound therapy, electrical stimulation, biofeedback, extracorporeal shock therapy are used. Stretching exercises are the cornerstone of spasticity treatment. In many clinical and experimental studies, a decrease in spasticity has been noted after stretching exercises. It has been stated that the application of cold or hot applications before stretching may increase the effectiveness of spasticity treatment. The study comparing the effectiveness of hot and cold treatment applied before stretching exercises clinically and ultrasonographically has not been found in the literature. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of clinical and ultrasonographic comparison of the effect of hot and cold treatment on spasticity before stretching exercises in patients with stroke. This study is unique because it is the first study that evaluates the effect of hot and cold applications on spasticity before the stretching.

The study is a randomized and controlled study. 30 patients will be included to study who apply to Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic with the complaint of spasticity after stroke, aged between 18-75 years. These patients will be divided in three groups randomly (group1 n:10, group 2 n:10, group 3 n:10). First group: 20 minutes of hot pack application to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Then the patient will do stretching exercises to the gastrocnemius muscle, which will be done for 20 minutes. In hot pack for hot application; While the patient is lying in a prone position, a warm package, a towel between the skin and the skin will be applied on the gastrocnemius muscle and applied for 20 minutes. Second group: 20 minutes to apply a cold pack to the medial gastrocnemius muscle, followed by stretching the patient for 20 minutes to the gastrocnemius muscle. The cold pack is available for cold application; While the patient is lying in a prone position, a cold pack will be placed on the gastrocnemius muscle, and a towel will be applied for 20 minutes. Third group: 20 minutes of stretching and stretching exercises will be applied. In stretching exercises, stretching will be done for 30 seconds. The stretching exercise will be performed by the same physiotherapist with maximal tension to the ankle in the supine position of the patient in the hip and knee extension. These applications will continue as 5 sessions. Evaluations will be made before treatment, immediately after the first session and at the end of the 5th session. All patients will be evaluated for 3 times, before and after treatment and 5 session after the treatment with ultrasonographic measurements, ankle range of motion and spasticity degree. Primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hotpack and cold pack applicatios on Madial gastrokinemius ultrasonographic changes. For this purpose, medial muscle fascicule length, pennat angle and achilles tendon length with ultrasonographic measurement. Secondary aim is evaluating the effect of hot and cold pack on spastisity and ankle range of motion. Spastisity will be measured by Aschwort scale and range of motion will be measured by goniomertry.