This study evaluates the effect of lavender aromatherapy and cold application on pain during drain removal. The investigators hypothesize that there is no difference in pain prevention between lavender oil inhalation and local cold application.
It is common practice to place a drainage tube in the peritoneal cavity after abdominal surgery. Although drain application is an important initiative, the severe pain caused during the removal process should also be controlled . Pain and discomfort continue to be a problem during the removal of surgical silicone drains. In the literature, patients describe silicone drain removal as a very painful procedure. Analgesics applied during drain removal are among the commonly used methods in the treatment of acute pain . However, the fact that the response of the patient to pharmacological treatment is variable and the pain cannot be completely controlled with these agents necessitates the use of non-pharmacological methods in addition to pharmacological agents in the control of severe pain. One of the non-pharmacological methods used in pain control is cold application. Cold application reduces the oxygen and nutrient requirement of tissues by slowing down metabolism, and eliminates pressure and tension on nerve endings by limiting inflammation, spasm and edema; It creates an analgesic effect by slowing or blocking the conduction velocity of peripheral nerves. In addition, it increases the release of endogenous opioids by stimulating the touch receptors with the gate-control mechanism, thereby reducing pain. Aromatherapy using essential oils is now used by many healthcare professionals in the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland as a part of patient care to reduce pain and stress. When the effects of essential oils used for this purpose are examined; It is seen that it accelerates blood and lymph circulation, relieves muscle spasm and has calming effects. It is reported that these effects of essential oils are both absorbed from the skin and stimulated the sense of smell. In the literature, it is emphasized that some known or unknown analgesic components in oils affect the release of substances such as dopamine, endorphin, noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain stem, and that they have analgesic properties that are said to be formed as a result. The physiological and psychological effects of aromatherapy have long been known in complementary medicine. Lavender oil has been associated with its mood enhancing and analgesic properties in healthy subjects and experimental nociception. This therapy has been successfully used in clinical settings to alleviate a wide variety of pain, such as dressing change in the intensive care unit, palliative care, for the control of labor pain, and chronic pain. There are numerous studies describing the use of this therapy to relieve anxiety and improve mood. Limited studies have shown that aromatherapy is beneficial for women who give birth and reduces the need for pain medication. Considering the potential positive effect of lavender oil on the physiological and psychological state of the patient and the positive effect of cold application on the pain mechanism, our study was planned to determine the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy and cold application in controlling the pain that occurs during the drain removal process.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
121
To reduce pain, cold application is applied around the drain before the drain is removed.
To reduce pain, lavender oil is inhaled prior to drain removal.
To reduce pain, oxygen is inhaled prior to drain removal.
Mugla Sitki Kocman University
Muğla, Muğla, Turkey (Türkiye)
Pain level before the drain removal
Pain scores of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) before removal of the drain were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The Numeric Rating Scale is used to digitize the level of pain that cannot be measured numerically. In this scale, patients are asked to describe their pain by numbers, with "0" for painlessness and "10" for the highest unbearable pain. According to this scoring system, less than 3 points indicate mild pain, 3-6 points indicate moderate pain, and more than 6 points indicate severe pain.
Time frame: 15 minutes before the drain removal
Pain level as soon as the drain removal
As soon as the drain was removed, the pain scores of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The Numeric Rating Scale is used to digitize the level of pain that cannot be measured numerically. In this scale, patients are asked to describe their pain by numbers, with "0" for painlessness and "10" for the highest unbearable pain. According to this scoring system, less than 3 points indicate mild pain, 3-6 points indicate moderate pain, and more than 6 points indicate severe pain.
Time frame: as soon as the drain is removed.
Pain level after drain removal
After the drain was removed, the pain scores of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The Numeric Rating Scale is used to digitize the level of pain that cannot be measured numerically. In this scale, patients are asked to describe their pain by numbers, with "0" for painlessness and "10" for the highest unbearable pain. According to this scoring system, less than 3 points indicate mild pain, 3-6 points indicate moderate pain, and more than 6 points indicate severe pain.
Time frame: 15 minutes after the drain is removed
Oxygen Saturation (SPO2) before drain removal
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Before the drain removal oxygen saturation level (SPO2) (percent) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. The researcher measured the oxygen saturation in subcutaneous arterial blood with a "Pulse oximeter" device that is reliable, easy to use, does not require calibration and does not cause pain to the patient in its application. Normal value of oxygen saturation (SpO2) (percent) was accepted as 96-98%. After placing a probe in the periphery (on the patient's finger) by the investigator, the signal received from the periphery and the value on the image screen (monitor) where the pulse wave sample was projected was recorded as oxygen saturation.
Time frame: 15 minutes before the drain removal
Oxygen Saturation (SPO2) as soon as the drain removal
As soon as the drain removal, the oxygen saturation level (SPO2) (percent) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) was measured.The researcher measured the oxygen saturation in subcutaneous arterial blood with a "Pulse oximeter" device that is reliable, easy to use, does not require calibration and does not cause pain to the patient in its application. Normal value of oxygen saturation (SpO2) (percent) was accepted as 96-98%. After placing a probe in the periphery (on the patient's finger) by the investigator, the signal received from the periphery and the value on the image screen (monitor) where the pulse wave sample was projected was recorded as oxygen saturation.
Time frame: as soon as the drain removal
Oxygen Saturation (SPO2) after the drain removal
After the drain removal oxygen saturation level (SPO2)(percent) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. The researcher measured the oxygen saturation in subcutaneous arterial blood with a "Pulse oximeter" device that is reliable, easy to use, does not require calibration and does not cause pain to the patient in its application. Normal value of oxygen saturation (SpO2) (percent) was accepted as 96-98%. After placing a probe in the periphery (on the patient's finger) by the investigator, the signal received from the periphery and the value on the image screen (monitor) where the pulse wave sample was projected was recorded as oxygen saturation.
Time frame: 15 minutes after the drain is removed
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure before the drain removal
Before the drain removal blood pressure (mm/Hg) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Blood Pressure Measurement was performed using a conventional cuffed sphygmomanometer that can measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whose reliability was approved according to international standards and calibrated by the company in technical laboratories for certain periods. The cuff of the sphygmomanometer will be inflated to 20 mm / Hg above the systolic pressure by tying it to cover 2/3 of the arm, and the measurement will be carried out by the researcher.
Time frame: 15 minutes before the drain removal
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure as soon as the drain removal
As soon as the drain removal blood pressure (mm/Hg) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Blood Pressure Measurement was performed using a conventional cuffed sphygmomanometer that can measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whose reliability was approved according to international standards and calibrated by the company in technical laboratories for certain periods. The cuff of the sphygmomanometer will be inflated to 20 mm / Hg above the systolic pressure by tying it to cover 2/3 of the arm, and the measurement will be carried out by the researcher.
Time frame: as soon as the drain removal
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure after the drain removal
After the drain removal blood pressure (mm/Hg) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Blood Pressure Measurement was performed using a conventional cuffed sphygmomanometer that can measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whose reliability was approved according to international standards and calibrated by the company in technical laboratories for certain periods. The cuff of the sphygmomanometer will be inflated to 20 mm / Hg above the systolic pressure by tying it to cover 2/3 of the arm, and the measurement will be carried out by the researcher.
Time frame: 15 minutes after the drain is removed
Pulse rate before the drain removal
Before the drain removal pulse rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. The pulse was obtained by the investigator palpating the superficial arteries (by touching them with the hand) and counting the beats felt for one minute. 60 to 100 beats per minute was considered normal for an adult.
Time frame: 15 minutes before the drain removal
Pulse rate as soon as the drain removal
As soon as the drain removal pulse rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. The pulse was obtained by the investigator palpating the superficial arteries (by touching them with the hand) and counting the beats felt for one minute. 60 to 100 beats per minute was considered normal for an adult.
Time frame: as soon as the drain removal
Pulse rate after the drain removal
After the drain removal pulse rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. The pulse was obtained by the investigator palpating the superficial arteries (by touching them with the hand) and counting the beats felt for one minute. 60 to 100 beats per minute was considered normal for an adult.
Time frame: 15 minutes after the drain is removed
Respiration rate before the drain removal
Before the drain removal respiration rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Respiration rate was measured by the number of diaphragm movements per minute. For an adult at rest, 12 to 20 per minute was considered normal for respiratory rate.
Time frame: 15 minutes before the drain removal
Respiration rate as soon as the drain removal
As soon as the drain removal respiration rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Respiration rate was measured by the number of diaphragm movements per minute. For an adult at rest, 12 to 20 per minute was considered normal for respiratory rate.
Time frame: as soon as the drain removal
Respiration rate after the drain removal
After the drain removal respiration rate (min) of all patients (lavender oil, cold application, oxygen administration and control group) were measured. Respiration rate was measured by the number of diaphragm movements per minute. For an adult at rest, 12 to 20 per minute was considered normal for respiratory rate.
Time frame: 15 minutes after the drain is removed