Through this study, a group composed of multiple sclerosis patients will be compared to a healthy volunteers group to determine if the positive emotions recognitions is preserved in the first group.
Different studies have highlighted the specific deficiency concerning emotions recognition in multiple sclerosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis are reported to have more difficulty recognising negative emotions, especially anger and fear. In this context, RECODE study has a twofold objective: * To determine whether the positive emotions recognition remains preserved by combining behavioural and neurophysiological measures (electrodermal activity). * To study this disorder's etiology through a comparison between a multiple sclerosis patient group and a control group (matched in sex, age, and education's level).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
101
The attendees will carry out different questionnaires and tests to evaluate their potential cognitive disorders
Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul
Lille, France
Emotion's valence
Through the emotion recognition test, the attendees will have to evaluate the emotion's valence conveyed by the stimuli on a scale ranging from 1 (the emotion conveyed is negative) to 10 (the emotion conveyed is positive).
Time frame: Day 0
Emotion's intensity
Through the emotion recognition test, the attendees will have to evaluate the emotion's intensity conveyed by the stimuli on a scale ranging from 1 (the emotion conveyed is not very intense) to 10 (the emotion conveyed is very intense).
Time frame: Day 0
Emotion recognition
Comparison of the answers obtained to the recognition question "In your opinion what is the emotion conveyed by this extract/face" in both groupsThrough the emotion recognition test, the attendees will have to evaluate the emotion perceived among 6 basic emotions (anger, disgust, joy, fear, surprise, sadness) and 14 complex emotions (benevolence, disappointment, boredom, enthusiasm, mischief, pride, frustration, shame, hostility, worry, interest, jealousy, sorrow, sneakiness).
Time frame: Day 0
Certainty's degree of answers
Certainty's degree of the attendees answers to the recognition question on a scale from 1 ("I am not at all certain of my answer") to 10 ("I am quite certain of my answer")
Time frame: Day 0
California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)
Learning test of a 16 words list belonging to 4 distinct semantic categories (flowers, fish, clothes, fruit). The list is presented 5 times to the patient who must remember it immediately after each presentation, after the presentation of a second interfering list and after a 20-minute delay. A main score is extracted determining how many errors are made in each learning task.
Time frame: Day 0
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Brief Visuo-spatial Memory Test (BVMT)
Learning test in episodic visuo-spatial memory of 6 simple geometrical drawings. This test presents 3 presentation phases during which the sheet containing the 6 drawings is presented to the participant for 10 seconds, followed by an immediate recall phase (free hand reproduction of the drawings). A delayed recall phase (at 7 minutes) and a delayed recognition phase (among 12 distractors) is also proposed. A main score is extracted.
Time frame: Day 0
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
Coding test in which the patient has 90 seconds to state orally the correspondence of numbers (from 1 to 9) to 9 different symbols (matched according to a matching standard). The correct answers number is measured.
Time frame: Day 0
Stroop test
The Stroop test is used to evaluate executive functions, especially inhibition abilities and sensitivity to interference. This test offers 3 situations in which performance is measured by the time taken by the patient for each situation and the number of uncorrected errors.
Time frame: Day 0
Trail Making test
The Trail Making Test is used to evaluate executive functions especially the cognitive flexibility abilities. The subject's performance is evaluated by the time taken by the subject, the total number of errors and the number of perseveration errors.
Time frame: Day 0
Verbal fluency test
The verbal fluency test evaluates executive functions, and more specifically the spontaneous flexibility's abilities. The performance is evaluated by the number of different words cited.
Time frame: Dat 0
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
The Beck Depression Inventory is used to assess depressive disorders. It is a 13-items self-questionnaire rated from 0 (no problem) to 3 (maximum severity of this symptom). The depression's severity is assessed by classifying the total score into 3 levels of intensity: \<3: Normal; 3-8: Borderline; \>8: Depressed.
Time frame: At the unique experimental session
State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-A (STAI Y-A)
The STAI Y-A anxiety scale (state anxiety) is used to assess the attendees state anxiety's level. The anxiety's severity is measured by 5 intensity's levels : 35: Very low anxiety; 36-45: Low anxiety; 46-55: Moderate anxiety; 56-65: High anxiety; \> 65: Very high anxiety.
Time frame: Day 0
State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-B (STAI Y-B)
The STAI Y-B anxiety scale (trait anxiety) is used to assess the attendees trait anxiety's level. The anxiety's severity is measured by 5 intensity's levels : 35: Very low anxiety; 36-45: Low anxiety; 46-55: Moderate anxiety; 56-65: High anxiety; \> 65: Very high anxiety.
Time frame: Day 0
Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20)
The TAS-20 is used to assess the attendees alexithymia's level. The alexithymic syndrome's severity is measured in 4 intensity's levels based on responses to 20 items: 0-51: no alexithymia; 52-60: mild alexithymia; \> 60: severe alexithymia.
Time frame: Day 0
Dot Probe Task
Through the Dot Probe Task, it is possible to find out whether participants tend to focus their attention on positive or negative information. The reaction time to complete the task and the accuracy of the response are measured.
Time frame: Day 0
Change in the electrodermal response during emotion recognition test
Before the emotion recognition test a first resting measurement of the electrodermal response is performed. Then, the attendee electrodermal response will be recorded during the test for each emotional stimulus. At the end of the test, a second resting measurement of the electrodermal response will be performed. The signals obtained during the task will be compared with the attendee resting signals.
Time frame: Day 0