Comparison of Hemodynamic and Respiratory Parameters During Physical Activity

Overview

The COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed societal activity, including physical activity. Recommendations for wearing masks vary from country to country, region to region, and may be mandatory or optional in indoor or outdoor environments. During physical activities, the latest ministerial recommendations are that wearing a mask is not mandatory even in case of close distance of less than one meter and in case of physical contact (ministerial recommendations of September 19, 2020), even in regions where wearing a mask is mandatory outdoors. This is based on elements not explained by the Ministry of Sports and partly on elements showing a limitation of respiratory capacities during exercise tests with gas exchange measurements. Indeed, subjects with FFP2 masks have their maximal capacity to effort and VO2max decreased as well as the respiratory capacities whether at rest or during effort in comparison with subjects without mask and to a lesser degree with surgical masks. However, the FFP2 mask is not recommended by the medical or sports authorities, and surgical or general public masks are recommended. Moreover, during leisure time physical activities, it is not frequent that the subjects need to be at their maximum physical capacity. This moderate loss of physical capacity at the peak of the effort is for most amateur athletes not relevant in their practice. In addition, airborne transmission of COVID-19 has been shown in several studies: in a choir, on a commercial airplane, on a bus, and close contact is a secondary source of contamination. There is concern that physical activity in non-open environments is becoming a source of COVID-19 contamination. In studies in non-open environments (bus, church, airplane), the degree of contamination in a so-called confined atmosphere varies between 35 and 85%. In Miller's study, in a church choir with a distance of 0.75 m between choristers and 1.4 m between each row, after 2.5 hours of rehearsal including breaks and buffet, without wearing a mask and with social distancing, hand washing with a hydro-alcoholic solution and reduction of contacts, the contamination with a single patient was 85% on a total of 61 choristers. One can imagine what the degree of contamination would be during a physical activity in a gymnasium without wearing a mask, even with hand and foot washing and floor decontamination. Currently, all sports activities are stopped but they will start again sooner or later. Before the recontainment, according to the directives of the Ministry of Sports, the wearing of masks was not compulsory and it was not recommended in outdoor activities (golf...) and in gymnasiums including activities with contact (judo, dance...). Many people are reluctant to wear a mask during sports activities: discomfort, fear of loss of performance, hypoxia... However, it seems essential to us to determine, during a physical activity, what are the cardiac and respiratory consequences of wearing a surgical or general public mask, before resuming sports activities in a few weeks or months. It seems important to us to determine the degree of deterioration of the cardiac and pulmonary physical capacities during physical leisure activities which concern more than 99% of the leisure activities as opposed to the sports activities practised by professionals, this to enlighten the practitioners and the ministerial authorities on the possible non-deterioration of the physical capacities with the effort and the absence of deleterious effect of the wearing of a mask.