Neonatal Acquisition of ESBL-PE in a Low-income Country - NeoLIC

Inclusion Criteria: 1. For the epidemiological study : All members of 60 households in which a newborn baby has just been born Inclusion criteria for the mother at the time of childbirth, pregnant woman : \_ having a monofetal pregnancy * residing regularly in the study area OR planning to reside in the study area during the study period; * having been informed of the research and collection of biological samples on herself and her newborn; * having given its agreement to carry out the research and the associated collection of biological samples, and; * having signed the informed consent (or its witness if applicable). Inclusion criteria for the live newborn at the time of childbirth, new born : * living after childbirth; * whose parents or legal representatives present: * reside regularly in the study area or plan to reside in the study area during the study period; * were informed of the research and the associated collection of biological samples on their newborn; * have given their agreement to carry out the research and the associated collection of biological samples, Inclusion criteria for the household member, resident: * from the same household as the mother-child (ren) couple included * Residing at least 4 nights per week in this home * Having given its agreement to carry out the research and the associated collection of biological samples, * and having signed the consent of the study (or its witness, or its legal representative if applicable) 2. for the anthropological study with interviews : 16 homes will be selected from among the 60 homes included: 8 homes in which the child has not acquired an ESBL-E during the entire follow-up and 8 homes in which the child has acquired an ESBL-E at least once during its follow-up. Among these households, interviews will be carried out with: 16 mothers or first responsible for the child in the absence of the mother 4 people with a mothering role on the child (grandmother, aunts ...) 4 minors in the families to observe 4 fathers or father figures in families to observe Also, interviews will be done with: Health actors: medical (1 midwife and 1 neighborhood doctor) and traditional (1 matron and 1 traditional practitioner from the neighborhood), 1 community health worker 1 neighborhood chief Inclusion criteria for semi-structured interviews : * people responding to the structuring functions of the child's social and family environment * Having given its agreement to carry out the research, * and having signed the consent of the study (or its witness, or its legal representative if applicable) For health workers and district managers, inclusion criteria for semi-structured interviews : * people responding to the targeted functions * working in the district of homes included * Having given its agreement to carry out the research, * and having signed the consent of the study (or its witness, or its legal representative if applicable) 3. For the anthropological study with observations 4 households in total among the 16 initially selected for the interviews: 2 households in which the child did not acquire ESBL-E during all the follow-up and 2 households in which the child acquired at least once an BLSE-E during his follow-up Inclusion criteria for participating direct observations * Residents of the same household as the mother-child (ren) couple included * having agreed to participate in the study * Having given its agreement to carry out the research, * and having signed the consent of the study (or its witness, or its legal representative if applicable) Exclusion Criteria: 1. For the epidemiological part: * Pregnant woman: non-monofetal pregnancy * Newborn: died during childbirth * Household resident: None 2. and 3) For the anthropological part: • Semi-structured interview: For household members: * not responding to the structural family and social functions of the child's environment For health workers and district managers * people not meeting the targeted functions * not practicing in the district of homes included • Participant direct observation: * Not living in the same household as the mother-child couple included