Analgesia Management in Bariatric Surgery

Ondokuz Mayıs University78 enrolled

Overview

Following laparoscopic bariatric surgery, multimodal analgesia is recommended to avoid the adverse effects of opioids by reducing their use. Although lidocaine, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine have been used as adjuvant analgesics, no studies have evaluated the superiority of their intra- and postoperative infusions as components of multimodal analgesia in bariatric surgery. The present study is aimed to compare lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine in multimodal analgesia management following Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery. Postoperative pain scores, the requirement for additional postoperative analgesia, retching, nausea and vomiting, time to mobilization, and hospital length of stay will be evaluated.

Patients will be divided into three groups. Group L: The patients will receive intravenous lidocaine (2 mg/kg/h) immediately after anesthesia induction. At the end of the surgery, the dose will be decreased to 1 mg/kg/h. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation. Group K: The patients will receive intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg/h) immediately after anesthesia induction. At the end of the surgery, the dose will be decreased to 0.3 mg/kg/h. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation. Group D: The patients will receive intravenous dexmedetomidine (0.5 mg/kg/h) immediately after anesthesia induction. At the end of the surgery, the dose will be decreased to 0.3 mg/kg/h. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation. Ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine doses will be calculated according to ideal body weight, lean body weight, and actual body weight, respectively. Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated random number list, and a statement indicating the patient's group will be placed in a closed envelope numbered according to the result. Each patient will be asked to choose an envelope, and the patients will be assigned to the study according to the group mentioned in the envelope.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

Interventions

LidocainDRUG

IV lidocaine infusion (2 mg/kg/h) will be initiated after anesthesia induction and decrease the dosage to 1 mg/kg/h at the end of surgery. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation.1 g paracetamol, 100 mg tramadol, 100 mg ketoprofen, and 4 mg dexamethasone will be administered to all patients pre-emptively. Granisetron (3 mg) will be administered 30 minutes before the end of surgery. In the postoperative period, i.v. Paracetamol will be administered at 8-hour intervals and 25-50 mg meperidine i.m. (maximum dose 200 mg) as rescue analgesia when requested by the patient and if VAS\>4.

KetamineDRUG

IV ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg/h) will be initiated after anesthesia induction and decrease the dosage to 0.3 mg/kg/h at the end of surgery. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation.1 g paracetamol, 100 mg tramadol, 100 mg ketoprofen, and 4 mg dexamethasone will be administered to all patients pre-emptively. Granisetron (3 mg) will be administered 30 minutes before the end of surgery. In the postoperative period, i.v. Paracetamol will be administered at 8-hour intervals and 25-50 mg meperidine i.m. (maximum dose 200 mg) as rescue analgesia when requested by the patient and if VAS\>4.

DexmedetomidineDRUG

IV dexmedetomidine infusion (0.5 mg/kg/h) will be initiated after anesthesia induction and decrease the dosage to 0.3 mg/kg/h at the end of surgery. The infusion will continue until 12 hours after the operation.1 g paracetamol, 100 mg tramadol, 100 mg ketoprofen, and 4 mg dexamethasone will be administered to all patients pre-emptively. Granisetron (3 mg) will be administered 30 minutes before the end of surgery. In the postoperative period, i.v. Paracetamol will be administered at 8-hour intervals and 25-50 mg meperidine i.m. (maximum dose 200 mg) as rescue analgesia when requested by the patient and if VAS\>4.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 65 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Body mass index\>35 kg/m2 * The American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class II III * Patients who will undergo an elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) Exclusion Criteria: * refusal to participate * allergy to the study drugs * chronic kidney disease (creatinine\>150 μmol/L) * mental illness * liver, respiratory or oncological disease, * cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction \<40%), * uncontrolled hypertension, * preoperative analgesic use, * chronic pain, * history of alcohol or drug addiction

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Postoperative pain: VAS scores at rest and movement

Pain status at rest and movement will be assessed by VAS scores. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a 10 cm line with anchor statements on the left (no pain) and on the right (worst pain imaginable).

Time frame: Up to 15 days after the surgery.

Secondary Outcomes

Postoperative Rescue Analgesic Requirement

After the end of surgery 25-50 mg meperidine (maximum dose 200 mg) will be administered i.m. as rescue analgesia when requested by the patient and if VAS\>4. the Rescue analgesic dosage will be recorded.

Time frame: Up to three days after surgery

Postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting

The number of patients who has complained of nausea, retching and vomiting will be recorded.

Time frame: Up to 3 days after surgery.

Time to first mobilization

The patients first mobilization time after the operation will be recorded.

Time frame: Up to 24 hours after surgery.

Time to discharge

The length of hospital stay will be recorded.

Time frame: Trough hospital stay, an average of 1 week.