In this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) we want to study how supplements of cetoleic acid ( C22:n1-11) (intervention) affect the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in healthy subjects, compared to supplements with a low concentration of cetoleic acid (control). Our primary endpoints are changes in the concentration of EPA and DHA in plasma and red blood cells.
This is a randomized double-blinded controlled trial ( randomized 1:1). Study population: healthy men and women 20-70 years, BMI 20-35 kg/m2. Study design: * 3 weeks run-in-period where all participants consume control capsules every morning. * Randomization intervention: control (1:1). All participants consume their capsules (control or intervention) for 4 weeks. The intervention oil consists of a fish oil high in cetoleic acid and the control oil is a mix of different oils and low in cetoleic acid. Power calculation and sample size: It was expected a difference of 15% in n-3 between the groups after the intervention (Østbye et al. 2019, doi:10.1017/S0007114519001478). The level of significance was set to 5% (two-sided) and the power to 80%. A total of thirty-eight subjects were required to participate in the study, but a high dropout rate was expected (20%) and it was considered necessary to include a total of seventy (n=70) subjects (thirty-five per arm).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
60
Very long monounsaturated fatty acid ( C22:1n-11)
Control oil consisting of: mix of anchovy oil, olive oil, high-oleic sunflower oil and rapeseed oil
University of Oslo
Oslo, Norway
EPA and DHA in plasma
EPA and DHA concentration in plasma measured at baseline and and after 4 week intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks intervention
EPA and DHA in red blood cells
EPA and DHA concentration and omega 3 index (EPA+DHA/total fatty acids) in red blood cells measured at baseline and and after 4 week intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Lipid profile- Triglycerides
Plasma levels of triglycerides measured at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Lipid profile- Cholesterol
Plasma levels of cholesterol (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) measured at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Lipid profile- Apolipoproteins
Plasma levels of apolipoproteins (apoB and apoA) measured at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Lipid profile- Lipoproteins
Plasma levels of Lp(a) and lipoprotein subclasses measured at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention (and as a "control measurement" at the screening visit)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Inflammatory markers
The concentration of circulating levels of inflammatory markers measured at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention ( and as a "control measurement" at screening)
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Time frame: 4 weeks
Gene expression
Changes in PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) gene expression profile measured at baseline and after 4 week of intervention
Time frame: 4 weeks
Pain sensitivity
Measured by cold pressure tests at baseline and after 4 week of intervention ( and as a control measurement at screening)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Resolvins
Blood levels of resolvins (omega- 3 derivates) concentrations measured at baseline and after 4 week of intervention ( and as a control measurement at screening)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Metabolome
Changes in metabolome measured at baseline and after 4 week of intervention
Time frame: 4 weeks