The Effect of Reiki on Anxiety, Stress, and Comfort

Inclusion criteria * patients who were having an upper GI endoscopy for the first time, * patients who were age 18 or over, * patients who had not previously had Reiki or sham Reiki (SR), * patients who did not have a history of an operation in the previous six months, * patients who were not using anxiolytic, hypnotic, or sedative drugs, * patients who had no cognitive or effective problems or any hindrance in communication, * patients who was literate, and who agreed to take part in the study. Exclusion criteria * patients who had an upper GI endoscopy with more than one elective condition, * patients who was undergoing an emergency upper GI endoscopy, * patients who were using anxiolytic, hypnotic, or sedative drugs, * patients who had taken an opioid analgesic before the procedure, * patients who completed the data collection forms incorrectly or incompletely, * patients who had previously had Reiki or SR, * patients who had a runny nose, fever, cough or any complaint of breathing difficulty, * patients who were not literate and who did not wish to voluntarily participate.