A randomized controlled trial, nested within an existing prospective cohort (Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Project; PACAP) and the United Kingdom (UK) Pancreas Cancer: Observations of Practice and survival; PACOPS) according to the 'trials within cohorts' (TwiCs) design in which the effect of a standardized surveillance, with serial tumor marker testing and routine imaging, compared to current non-standardized practice, on overall survival and quality of life in patients with primary resected PDAC is investigated. The most important secondary endpoint is quality of life. Other secondary endpoints are clinical and radiological patterns of PDAC recurrence, the compliance of patients to our standardized follow-up strategy, the impact of a standardized surveillance on (eligibility for) additional treatment, and the tolerance of additional treatment. The need for this clinical trial is emphasized by the the emergence of more potent local and more effective systemic treatments for PDAC recurrence, leading to a rising interest in early diagnosis by a standardized approach to follow-up with routine imaging and serial serum tumor marker testing.
Rationale: Radical resection combined with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy offers the best chances for long-term survival for patients with resectable localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, even after radical resection, almost all patients will experience local and/or distant disease recurrence after sufficient follow-up, mostly within 2 years. There is a lack of evidence based effective therapeutic options for the significant group of patients with local recurrence only, in terms of improved survival and/or quality of life. In the case of metastatic disease effective chemotherapy has shown to improve survival, but with a median gain survival of 3-4 months. Taken together, this had led to a hesitant attitude towards postoperative recurrence-focused follow-up. Therefore, in most European countries, including the Netherlands, a standardized approach to follow-up after surgery for PDAC is lacking. Furthermore, current PDAC guidelines regarding follow-up are based on expert opinion and other low-level evidence. However, the emergence of more potent local and more effective systemic treatments for PDAC has led to a rising interest in early diagnosis of PDAC recurrence. To detect PDAC recurrence at an early stage and identify patients with good performance status who are most likely to benefit from additional (experimental) treatment, a standardized approach to follow-up with routine imaging and serial serum tumor marker testing is needed. To determine whether early detection of recurrence can lead to improved survival and quality of life, further studies are warranted. Objective: The main objective is to evaluate the impact of a standardized surveillance, with serial tumor marker testing and routine imaging, on overall survival and quality of life in patients with primary resected PDAC, compared to current non-standardized practice. Study design: A randomized controlled trial, nested within an existing prospective cohort (Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Project; PACAP) and the United Kingdom (UK) Pancreas Cancer: Observations of Practice and survival; PACOPS) according to the 'trials within cohorts' (TwiCs) design. Study population: PACAP or PACOPS-participants with histologically confirmed radical resection (R0-R1) of PDAC, who provided informed consent for being randomized in future studies. Interventions: Standardized surveillance, existing of clinical evaluation, serum cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 testing, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT-) imaging of chest and abdomen every 3 months during the first 2 years after surgery. Comparison: Non-standardized clinical follow-up. Endpoints: The main study endpoint is overall survival. The most important secondary endpoint is quality of life. Other secondary endpoints are clinical and radiological patterns of PDAC recurrence, the compliance of patients to our standardized follow-up strategy, the impact of a standardized surveillance on (eligibility for) additional treatment, and the tolerance of additional treatment.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
306
Standardized 3-monthly surveillance with routine imaging and serum tumor marker testing.
Radboud University Medical Center
Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
Maastricht UMC
Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
Catharina Ziekenhuis
Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands
Amsterdam University Medical Center VUmc
Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
Amsterdam University Medical Center AMC
Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
Medisch Spectrum Twente
Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
University Medical Center Groningen
Groningen, Provincie Groningen, Netherlands
Sint Antonius Ziekenhuis
Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Netherlands
University Medical Center Utrecht
Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
...and 1 more locations
Overall survival
The interval between the date of PDAC resection and either death from any cause or last follow-up.
Time frame: From date of PDAC resection until date of death from any cause or date of last follow-up, whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months
Compliance of the standardized surveillance strategy
The percentage of patients that either accepts or refuses participation in the intervention-arm, i.e. is willing to undergo a standardized follow-up regime.
Time frame: Through completion of patient inclusion, an average of 1.5 years
Recurrence-free interval
The interval between the date of PDAC resection and the date of first radiological signs of recurrence, or last follow-up if recurrence is not observed.
Time frame: From date of PDAC resection until date of first radiological signs of recurrence, or last follow-up if recurrence is not observed, whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months
Prognostic patient specific characteristics and tumor related factors for disease recurrence
Time frame: From date of randomization until disease recurrence or last follow-up, assessed up to 24 months
Role of serum tumor marker testing in detecting recurrent PDAC assessed by the calculated diagnostic accuracy values
Time frame: From date of randomization until disease recurrence or last follow-up, assessed up to 24 months
Eligibility for additional (experimental) treatment at the time of recurrence diagnosis based on the ECOG or Karnofsky performance state, or inclusion criteria for study-related treatment of recurrence
Time frame: At the time of recurrence diagnosis. Assessed through the study, up to 24 months
Reasons to refrain from treatment for recurrence
e.g. poor condition, patients wish, deteriorated condition, progressive disease, advise treating clinician, death, wait-and-see, age.
Time frame: At the time the patient is assessed eligible for additional treatment. Assessed through the study, up to 24 months
Patients' tolerance of additional treatment for PDAC recurrence as assessed by incidence of adverse events (graded according to NCI CTCAE Version 5.0)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years
Morbidity associated with diagnostic testing assessed by the side-effects of diagnostic testing (i.e. fear of disease recurrence)
Time frame: From date of randomization until disease recurrence or last follow-up, whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months
Patient reported non-disease specific health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as assessed using the EQ-5D-5L
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Overall costs of a standardized surveillance strategy versus the costs as incurred with the current non-standardized follow-up assessed according to the EQ-5D questionnaire as part of the PACAP and PACOPS-project, and calculated using to a Markov model
Time frame: After study completion (estimated duration of 3.5 years)
Patient reported chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as assessed using the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Patient reported Quality of Life as assessed using the happiness, hospital, anxiety and depression scale (HADS)
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Patient reported Quality of Life as assessed using Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) questionnaire
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Patient reported Quality of Life as assessed using the worry of progression of cancer scale (WOPS)
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Patient reported cancer-specific HRQoL as assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
Patient reported tumor-specific HRQoL as assessed using the EORTC LQPAN26
Part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) that are being standardly measured in PACAP and PACOPS-participants.
Time frame: At baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months and every subsequent year after enrollment in the PACAP and PACOPS-cohort. Assessed through study completion, up to 24 months
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.