This study will investigate the effect of agility training on executive function, dual task walking and brain activation in healthy adults. Participants (N=70) will be randomly assigned to resistance+aerobic training group (RAeT) or agility training group (AT). Participants in RAeT (n=35) will receive 15-minute lower extremity workout first and then 25-minute moderate intensity (60-75% predicted maximal heart rate) aerobic training. Participants in AT (n=35) will do the agility exercise program consisting of technical drills, pattern running and reactive agility training. The intervention will be twelve-time group intervention (3-5persons) in four weeks, 50 minutes per session (5-minute warmup, 40- minute main training, 5-minute cool-down). Participants will undergo three measurement time points (pre-, post-intervention and one month follow-up). Outcome measures will include executive function (N-back test, stroop test and Wisconsin card sort test), single and dual task walking performance and brain activity (fNIRS on prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area and premotor cortex). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test will be used to examine the group x time interaction on three outcome measures.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
70
The RT focuses on lower extremity workout, including leg press, hamstring curls, and calf raises. The participants start with intensity at 12 RM and finished with intensity at 8 RM after 3 weeks. There are 8 repetitions, 2 sets for each action. It will take 15 minutes to complete RT. The AeT is composed by cycling on stationary bikes in the first week, stepping on steppers in 2nd week, and running on treadmills in the last week. Participants are asked to wear a portable heart rate monitor throughout the experiments. They have to maintain their heart rates in 60%-75% of predicted maximal heart rate (moderate intensity exercise), which has been shown to be benefit on cognition\[3\]. It took the participants 25 minutes to complete AeT.
AT program consists of three parts: technical drills, pattern running and reactive agility training. There will be nine sessions over 3 weeks and progress the intensity, complexity or velocity every week.
National Taiwan University Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
RECRUITINGExecutive function- N-back task (3-back)
N-back task (3-back) is used to measure working memory
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks
Executive function- N-back task (3-back)
N-back task (3-back) is used to measure working memory
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks
Executive function- Stroop test
Stroop test is used to measure the selective attention and conflict resolution.
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks
Executive function- Stroop test
Stroop test is used to measure the selective attention and conflict resolution.
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks
Executive function- Wisconsin card sort test
Wisconsin card sort test is an easy way to assess the ability of mental set shifting.
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks
Executive function- Wisconsin card sort test
Wisconsin card sort test is an easy way to assess the ability of mental set shifting.
Time frame: Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks
Single walking performance- Walking speed
The unit is length (cm) per seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Single walking performance- Walking speed
The unit is length (cm) per seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Single walking performance- Cadence
The unit is steps per minutes
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Single walking performance- Cadence
The unit is steps per minutes
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Single walking performance- Stride length
The unit is cm
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Single walking performance- Stride length
The unit is cm
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Single walking performance- Step duration
The unit is seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Single walking performance- Step duration
The unit is seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Walking speed
The unit is length (cm) per seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Walking speed
The unit is length (cm) per seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Cadence
The unit is steps per minutes
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Cadence
The unit is steps per minutes
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Stride length
The unit is cm
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Stride length
The unit is cm
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Step duration
The unit is seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Dual task walking performance- Step duration
The unit is seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Dual task walking performance- the correct rates of arithmetic task
The participants will be instructed to subtract by 7 serially from a 3-digit number while walking at their fastest speed in dual task walking condition
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks
Dual task walking performance- the correct rates of arithmetic task
The participants will be instructed to subtract by 7 serially from a 3-digit number while walking at their fastest speed in dual task walking condition
Time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex- Executive function
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
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Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Single walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over premotor cortex- Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 weeks
Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Dual task walking
A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 7 weeks