This study investigated whether focusing on one's body functionality (i.e., everything the body can do, rather than how it looks) would lead to improvements in body image, self-esteem, and self-kindness among women who have undergone bariatric surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
103
Expand Your Horizon is an online programme, comprising three 15min writing exercises delivered over the course of 1 week. In each writing exercise, participants are asked to describe the functions of their body, and why those are personally meaningful to them.
Maastricht University
Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek
Huis ter Heide, Utrecht, Netherlands
Change in appearance satisfaction over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Appearance satisfaction was assessed using the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale (BASS) of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher appearance satisfaction.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in functionality satisfaction over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Functionality satisfaction was assessed using the Physical Condition Subscale (PCS) of the Body Esteem Scale (BES). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher functionality satisfaction.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in body appreciation over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Body appreciation was assessed using the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher body appreciation.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in body responsiveness over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Body responsiveness was assessed using the Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ). Scores range from 1-7, with higher scores demonstrating higher body responsiveness.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in self-objectification over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Self-objectification was assessed using the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (SOQ). Scores range from -25 to 25, with lower scores demonstrating higher levels of self-objectification.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
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Changes in self-esteem over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Scores range from 10-40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-esteem.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Changes in self-kindness over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Self-kindness was assessed using the Self-Kindness Subscale (SKS) of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Scores range from 1-7, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-kindness.
Time frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)