Sexual violence (SV) is a significant public health problem particularly among 18-24 year old populations. A major risk factor for SV is alcohol use, which via its negative impact on cognitive abilities and decision-making acts as a barrier to intervening in situations at-risk for a SV. This study has two main goals: (1) to determine the effects of proximal alcohol use on young (age 21 to 25) men's prosocial bystander behavior in situations considered at-risk for SV, and (2) to determine the efficacy of an evidence-based, web-based program called RealConsent, which has been augmented to include alcohol-specific content within the context of bystander SV ("RealConsent2.0"), on men's prosocial bystander behavior. The primary study endpoint is prosocial bystander behavior and will be assessed via two modes: (1) a virtual reality (VR) environment ("B-SAVE") and (2) a validated self-report measure of bystander behavior that has been modified to include assessment of proximal alcohol use and presence of alcohol within the context.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
667
A web-based multi-media sexual violence prevention program that enhances knowledge and skills for effective consent for sex and for prosocial bystander behaviors.
A revised and updated web-based multi-media sexual violence prevention program that enhances knowledge and skills for effective consent for sex and for prosocial bystander behaviors, but also integrates new program segments into RealConsent 1.0 specific to how alcohol use can inhibit SV intervention at multiple steps of the decision-making process.
A web-based multimedia program designed to help individuals recognize the symptoms and sources of stress and provide them with a wide variety of powerful tools for managing stress.
Men assigned to moderate alcohol dose condition (target BrAC .08%) with NIAAA approved alcohol administration procedures
Men assigned to an no-alcohol placebo control condition.
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
Bystander behavior
Bystander behavior will be assessed by a virtual reality (VR) environment titled, Bystanders in Sexual Assault Virtual Environments (B-SAVE). Participants experience a virtual "house party" and are exposed to 5 situations in which they can either intervene or not. Participants are prompted at two points (with a flashing microphone icon) to verbalize their response in that situation - thus providing 10 opportunities to intervene in sexual risk situations. Verbal responses to each situation are recorded and coded to assess for bystander behavior.
Time frame: One-month post-intervention
Self-Reported Bystander Behavior
The 44-item Bystander Behavior Scale involves a description of a scenario in which participants are asked if they were exposed to the scenario, did they engage in the behavior (yes/no), if they had been drinking alcohol (yes/no) and if alcohol was present (yes/ no). Response options range from 0 (no) to 1 (yes) for each of the items. A total score for bystander behavior is calculated ranging from 0 (minimum) to 30 (maximum), with higher scores indicating greater bystander behavior in the last three-months. alcohol (yes/no) and if alcohol was present (yes/ no).
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Self-Reported Bystander Behavior
The 44-item Bystander Behavior Scale involves a description of a scenario in which participants are asked if they were exposed to the scenario, did they engage in the behavior (yes/no), if they had been drinking alcohol (yes/no) and if alcohol was present (yes/ no). Response options range from 0 (no) to 1 (yes) for each of the items. A total score for bystander behavior is calculated ranging from 0 (minimum) to 30 (maximum), with higher scores indicating greater bystander behavior in the last three-months. alcohol (yes/no) and if alcohol was present (yes/ no).
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
Barriers to Sexual Assault Bystander Intervention
The 16-item Barriers to Sexual Assault Bystander Intervention Scale assess barriers to intervention. Mean scores range from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum), with higher scores indicate more barriers to intervention.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Barriers to Sexual Assault Bystander Intervention
The 16-item Barriers to Sexual Assault Bystander Intervention Scale assess barriers to intervention. Mean scores range from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum), with higher scores indicate more barriers to intervention.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
Outcome Expectancies for Intervening
The 17-item Outcome Expectancies for Intervening Scale assess outcome expectancies for intervening. Mean scores ranging from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). Higher scores indicate greater positive expectancies for intervening.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Outcome Expectancies for Intervening
The 17-item Outcome Expectancies for Intervening Scale assess outcome expectancies for intervening. Mean scores ranging from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). Higher scores indicate greater positive expectancies for intervening.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
Bystander Efficacy Scale
14-item Bystander Efficacy Scale assess bystander confidence to intervene, with response options ranging from 0 % (minimum) to 100% (maximum). A score is created by subtracting the mean of these 14 items from 100 to create a scale of perceived efficacy. Higher scores indicate greater bystander efficacy.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Bystander Efficacy Scale
14-item Bystander Efficacy Scale assess bystander confidence to intervene, with response options ranging from 0 % (minimum) to 100% (maximum). A score is created by subtracting the mean of these 14 items from 100 to create a scale of perceived efficacy. Higher scores indicate greater bystander efficacy.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
Bystander Attitude Scale
The 12-item Bystander Attitudes Scale assesses bystander intentions. Response options ranging from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum), with greater mean scores indicate higher intentions of intervening.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Bystander Attitude Scale
The 12-item Bystander Attitudes Scale assesses bystander intentions. Response options ranging from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum), with greater mean scores indicate higher intentions of intervening.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
Sexual Violence Perpetration
The 35 items Sexual Experience Survey will be used to assess sexual violence perpetration. Participants indicate the number of times that they did each act ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (3 or more times), with total scores ranging from 0 to 105 with greater scores indicating more perpetration. The mutually exclusive scoring system will be used. The goal is to count people only once according to the most severe act perpetrated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6-months
Sexual Violence Perpetration
The 35 items Sexual Experience Survey will be used to assess sexual violence perpetration. Participants indicate the number of times that they did each act ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (3 or more times), with total scores ranging from 0 to 105 with greater scores indicating more perpetration. The mutually exclusive scoring system will be used. The goal is to count people only once according to the most severe act perpetrated.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 12-months
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