The upper extremity in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) has become a more popular research topic in recent years, with the increase in studies reporting widespread involvement. The aim of our study was to evaluate the upper extremity from multiple perspectives in early stage pwMS, to identify problems by comparing them with healthy individuals, and to examine the relationship of problems with activity and participation.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
90
Nine Hole Peg Test
To assess upper extremity function. Completing the test in a short time (seconds) indicates better upper extremity function.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test
To assess upper extremity function. Completing the test in a short time (seconds) indicates better upper extremity function.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
ABILHAND
To assess for performance of activity. Score range 0-46 point, higher scores mean a better outcome.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Motor Activity Log-28
To assess for performance of activity. Score range 0-5 point, a high score indicates good upper extremity use frequency and quality of movement during activity.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Community Integration Questionnaire
To assess participation. The total score ranges from 0-29, and the higher the score, the higher the individual's participation in society is considered.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Hand Held Dynamometer
To assess upper extremity muscle strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Hand Dynamometer
To assess grip strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength.
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Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Pinchmeter
To assess pinch strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Tuning fork
To assess deep sense. A higher score indicates better sensitivity.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Aesthesiometer
To assess two-point discrimination. A higher score indicates worse sensitivity.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Fatigue Severity Scale
To assess the severity of fatigue. Score range 1-7 point, a higher score indicates more severe fatigue.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Symbol Digit Modalities Test
To assess cognitive level. A higher score indicates better cognitive level.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
To assess anxiety and depression. The total score ranges from 0 to 21 for each of the two subscales. A higher score indicates more severe anxiety and depression.
Time frame: baseline (on the predetermined assessment day)