Patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, particularly those who are ineligible for transplant or have relapsed/refractory disease, have limited treatment options. The combination of bendamustine and dexamethasone is well-tolerated and efficacious in patients with relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis. Anti-CD38 antibodies have recently demonstrated great efficacy in AL amyloidosis. Adding isatuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, to bendamustine would combine two mechanisms of targeting the clonal plasma cell without significant overlap in toxicity. This would provide a steroid minimizing and neurotoxic-free regimen for patients with AL amyloidosis. This study is a phase II clinical trial of isatuximab and bendamustine in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis. It is hypothesized that this combination will result in a high number of deep hematologic responses.
Systemic light-chain amyloidosis is a disorder in which clonal plasma cells produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains that deposit in tissues resulting in organ dysfunction and ultimately death. The incidence in the United States is estimated to be 9.7 to 14.0 cases per million person-years with median survival from diagnosis between 6 months and 3 years. The standard of care for those who are eligible is high dose chemotherapy with ASCT. However, only 20-25% of patients are eligible for ASCT with another one-third of patients becoming eligible after bortezomib-based induction. Transplant ineligible patients and patients with relapsed disease after transplant are treated with evolving combinations of anti-plasma cell agents adapted from multiple myeloma including melphalan, cyclophosphamide, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents with no therapies approved specifically for this disease. Bendamustine is an alkylating agent that has established anti plasma cell efficacy in both first-line and refractory multiple myeloma. Known for its efficacy and tolerability in a wide array of hematologic malignancies, toxicity profile consists of cytopenias, gastrointestinal side effects, and allergic reactions. In patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, bendamustine with rituximab showed superior 5 year event free survival compared to R-CHOP or R-CVP with a more tolerable toxicity profile. The tolerability of bendamustine made it an attractive agent for AL amyloidosis given the older patient population and co-existence of organ impairment. Efficacy of bendamustine in AL amyloidosis was recently demonstrated in a multicenter phase II study of 31 patients with relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis who were given bendamustine 100mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 and dexamethasone 40mg weekly of 28 day cycle (2-12 cycles, median 4 cycles). Hematologic response of very good partial response (VGPR) or greater was achieved in 29% of patients (11% complete response) at median of 2.8 months and 29% achieved organ response. The median overall survival (OS) was 18.2 months, but the median OS was not reached among patients who achieved a hematologic partial response (PR) or better after 2 cycles at a median follow up of 14.9 months. Overall, treatment was well tolerated; the most common grade 3/4 toxicities were leukopenia, fatigue, renal dysfunction, rash, and mood symptoms. Plasma cells are known to express CD38, including the monoclonal plasma cells that result in AL amyloidosis. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 have become standard of care in multiple myeloma and more recently have demonstrated safety and superior efficacy when combined with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD) compared to CyBorD alone in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis. Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds CD38 expressed on plasma cells and results in toxicity and lysis of the cell. Efficacy has been demonstrated in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma based on a randomized, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial comparing isatuximab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone to pomalidomide and dexamethasone which resulted in a significant improvement in PFS (11.5 months vs. 6.5 months; HR 0.596; p=0.001). An ongoing trial, S1702, is investigating isatuximab in patients with relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis (NCT03499808). This study proposes the combination of isatuximab and bendamustine as a neurotoxic-sparing and steroid-minimizing regimen for newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AL amyloidosis.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
To be given by IV at 70mg/m2 on cycle days 1 and 8 for up to 6 cycles
To be given by IV at10mg/kg IV on cycle 1 days 1,8,15, and 22; cycle 2-6 days 1,8; and cycle 7-12 days 1
Estimated Hematologic Response
Hematologic complete response + very good partial response (CR+VGPR) with definitions as follows: * CR: Normalization of free light chain (FLC) ratio AND negative serum and urine immunofixation * VGPR: Reduction in the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) to \<40mg/L * Partial response (PR): Reduction in the dFLC to at least 50% * No response (NR): Less than a PR
Time frame: 36 Months
Organ Response Rate
Organ response rate as defined by: * Kidneys: 30% reduction in 24-hour urine protein excretion or a drop of proteinuria below 0.5g/24h in the absence of progressive renal insufficiency, defined as a decrease in eGFR to 25% over baseline. * Heart: Reduction of NT-proBNP of 30% and \>300ng/L decrease from the starting value with baseline NT-proBNP ≥650ng/L OR reduction of BNP of 30% and \>50ng/L from the starting value with baseline BNP ≥150ng/L. * Liver: 50% decrease of an initially elevated alkaline phosphatase level or reduction in the size of the liver by at least 2cm (determined by physical exam, ultrasound, or computer tomography) * Neuropathy: clinical improvement supported by clinical history, neurologic exam, orthostatic vital signs, resolution of severe constipation or reduction of diarrhea to less than 50% of previous movements/day, and EMG studies if indicated
Time frame: 36 Months
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS per the IMWG definition of progression of disease: * From CR: Any detectable monoclonal protein or abnormal free light chain ratio (involved light chain must double) * From PR: 50% increase in serum M protein to \>0.5g/dL or 50% increase in urine M protein to \>200mg/day (a visible peak must be present) * Free light chain increase of 50% to \>100mg/L
Time frame: 36 Months
Rates if Bone Marrow MRD
Bone marrow MRD negativity by NGS at a sensitivity of 1x10-6 at the time of complete response, end of treatment visit, and end of study visit.
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Time frame: 36 Months
Time to Next Treatment
Time to next treatment
Time frame: 36 Months
Toxicity of the Regimen
Toxicity assessment with CTCAE v5.0
Time frame: 36 Months
Peripheral Blood BCMA Levels (exploratory)
Peripheral blood BCMA levels as assayed by the Comenzo Laboratory at Tufts Medical Center.
Time frame: 36 Months