Hip fracture is a challenging geriatric problem for health care professionals, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. In patients with inoperable hip fractures secondary to severe comorbid conditions, the pain can lead to significant challenges in nursing care. A recent anatomical study confirmed the innervation of the anterior hip by these 3 main nerves but also found that the AON and FN play a greater role in the anterior hip innervation than previously reported.
The aim of this study is to help to target a suggested optimum landmark and determine the volume of injectate that can cover the distribution of the anterior articular branches supplying the hip joint. The anterior hip capsule is innervated by the ON, accessory obturator nerve (AON), and FN as reported by previous anatomic studies. The anterior capsule is the most richly innervated section of the joint. Ultrasound-guided technique for blockade of these articular branches to the hip, the PENG (Pericapsular Nerve Group) block reported significantly reduced pain scores compared with baseline. With the current understanding of the complex innervations of the hip joint, it is difficult to provide complete effective radiofrequency ablation to the articular branches supplying the hip joint. Chemical hip denervation using ultrasound was reported by previous case reports or series without mentioning a well-defined target point or an optimum injectate volume.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
16
with the patient in the supine position, ultrasound probe in a transverse plane over the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and then aligned with the pubic ramus. In this view, the ilio pubic eminence (IPE), the iliopsoas muscle and tendon will be observed. A spinal needle will be inserted from lateral to medial in an in-plane approach to place the tip between the psoas tendon and the pubic ramus. Fluoroscopic image will be taken to confirm the needle tip position in the target site. Following negative aspiration, 15 ml dye will be injected in 5-mL increments while observing for adequate spread using fluoroscopy followed by 15ml local anesthetic
Mansoura University
Al Mansurah, DK, Egypt
The success rate to target a suggested optimal landmark
Is defined as the percentage of success to reach the target point for injection with needle punctures to up to 4 skin punctures.
Time frame: just after skin puncture
Success rate of first skin puncture
Is defined as the number of getting the target point from the first skin puncture
Time frame: just after skin puncture
The number of skin punctures:
Is defined as the total number of skin punctures for either getting the target point or not.
Time frame: just after skin puncture for the block
the total number of needle passes required for obtaining the target landmark
Is defined as the total number of forward advancements of the spinal needle i.e. withdrawal and redirection without exiting the skin (sum of passes of all punctures).
Time frame: just after skin puncture
The optimum volume of the injectate
Is defined as the optimum volume of the injectate to cover the target innervation area.
Time frame: 30 minutes before surgery.
Pain measurement at rest
10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, where 0 is equal to no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain.
Time frame: Prior to performing of nerve block, 15, 30 minutes after block performance
Pain measurement on movement (attempted hip flexion to 15 degrees):
10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, where 0 is equal to no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain,
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Time frame: Prior to performing of nerve block, 15, 30 minutes after block performance
Incidence of block failed block
Is defined as less than 50% pain relief of pain i.e. (less than 50% of VAS score is reduced after the block
Time frame: 30 minutes after Local Anesthetic injection
Time for first analgesic request
the time passed from LA injection to the patient need of first analgesia
Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery
Patient satisfaction score
From zero=Poor, 1=fair, 2=good, 3=very good to 5=excellent
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the nerve block
Complications:
presence or absence of unintentional vascular puncture, hematoma formation, parasthesia
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the nerve block