Efficacy of Paper-based Cognitive Training in Vietnamese Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease

Change from baseline in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)

It is a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. The score is between 0-30. Higher score indicating better cognition.

Time frame: 12 weeks from baseline cognitive assessment

Change from baseline in the Memory tests

Immediate Recall, Delayed Recall, Delayed Recognition are tests that measure memory function. Higher score indicating better cognition.

Time frame: 12 weeks from baseline cognitive assessment

Change from baseline in the Trail Making test scores

Raw score, assessing attention, executive function. TMT is divided into two parts, TMT-A and TMT-B. In the TMT part A, circles with number from 1 to 25 are arranged randomly. Numerical sequence should be connected by patients as quickly as possible, cutoff value \> 180 seconds. In the TMT part B, patients must alternate between numbers and letters, cut off value \> 300 second. Cutoff scores indicate the value above suggest cognitive performance is normal.

Time frame: 12 weeks from baseline cognitive assessment

Change from baseline in the Digits Span forward and backward

The longest digits of forward and backward are 8 and 7, respectively. The total scores are twelve for each test. Higher score indicating better cognition.

Time frame: 12 weeks from baseline cognitive assessment

Change from baseline in the Verbal fluency test

Semantic memory score will be measured using the Verbal fluency test. The verbal fluency test is a short test of verbal functioning. Participants are given 1 min to produce as many animals as possible within a semantic category (category fluency). The participant's score is the number of animals. Higher score means better cognition.

Time frame: 12 weeks from baseline cognitive assessment