Due to the limitations of current approaches to assess emergency paramedics' fatigue, a portable, quick, easy, and objective technique is required to be developed. The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability of automated pupillometry to assess mental fatigue based on a driver simulator.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
32
The dynamic changes of PLR were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of PLR with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec. The device provided the examiner with maximum and minimum pupil size (Init and End), constriction percentage (%PLR), latency (LAT), constriction and dilation velocity (CV and DV), and T75.
Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
subjective assessments
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a 9-point scale for assessing sleepiness with responses ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy (9) .
Time frame: Baseline
subjective assessments
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a 9-point scale for assessing sleepiness with responses ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy (9) .
Time frame: 30 minutes
subjective assessments
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a 9-point scale for assessing sleepiness with responses ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy (9) .
Time frame: 60 minutes
subjective assessments
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a 9-point scale for assessing sleepiness with responses ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy (9) .
Time frame: 90 minutes
Standard deviation of the NN intervals of heart rate variability
Using the SA-3000P (Medicore, Korea) , subjects were instructed to stay with eyes open, be silent, and breath normally during measurement.
Time frame: Baseline
Standard deviation of the NN intervals of heart rate variability
Using the SA-3000P (Medicore, Korea) , subjects were instructed to stay with eyes open, be silent, and breath normally during measurement.
Time frame: 30 minutes
Standard deviation of the NN intervals of heart rate variability
Using the SA-3000P (Medicore, Korea) , subjects were instructed to stay with eyes open, be silent, and breath normally during measurement.
Time frame: 60 minutes
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Standard deviation of the NN intervals of heart rate variability
Using the SA-3000P (Medicore, Korea) , subjects were instructed to stay with eyes open, be silent, and breath normally during measurement.
Time frame: 90 minutes
%PLR (percentage of change)
The dynamic changes of pupillary light reflex were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of pupillary light reflex with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec.
Time frame: Baseline
%PLR (percentage of change)
The dynamic changes of pupillary light reflex were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of pupillary light reflex with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec.
Time frame: 30 minutes
%PLR (percentage of change)
The dynamic changes of pupillary light reflex were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of pupillary light reflex with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec.
Time frame: 60 minutes
%PLR (percentage of change)
The dynamic changes of pupillary light reflex were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of pupillary light reflex with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec.
Time frame: 90 minutes
Electroencephalography power in theta band
The eego™ mylab system (ANT Neuro, Germany) was applied to record the raw electroencephalography signal, using a 64-channel waveguard™ original electrode cap with electrodes in accordance with the international 10 \~ 20 Montage system. electroencephalography was sampled with a frequency of 1kHz using an eego™ amplifier. Electrode impedences of the selected channels were kept below 5 kΩ before recording.
Time frame: Baseline
Electroencephalography power in theta band
The eego™ mylab system (ANT Neuro, Germany) was applied to record the raw electroencephalography signal, using a 64-channel waveguard™ original electrode cap with electrodes in accordance with the international 10 \~ 20 Montage system. electroencephalography was sampled with a frequency of 1kHz using an eego™ amplifier. Electrode impedences of the selected channels were kept below 5 kΩ before recording.
Time frame: 30 minutes
Electroencephalography power in theta band
The eego™ mylab system (ANT Neuro, Germany) was applied to record the raw electroencephalography signal, using a 64-channel waveguard™ original electrode cap with electrodes in accordance with the international 10 \~ 20 Montage system. electroencephalography was sampled with a frequency of 1kHz using an eego™ amplifier. Electrode impedences of the selected channels were kept below 5 kΩ before recording.
Time frame: 60 minutes
Electroencephalography power in theta band
The eego™ mylab system (ANT Neuro, Germany) was applied to record the raw electroencephalography signal, using a 64-channel waveguard™ original electrode cap with electrodes in accordance with the international 10 \~ 20 Montage system. electroencephalography was sampled with a frequency of 1kHz using an eego™ amplifier. Electrode impedences of the selected channels were kept below 5 kΩ before recording.
Time frame: 90 minutes