Functional and Structural Lung Imaging in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Workstream 1 Inclusion criteria (Adult Healthy Volunteers) * Male or female aged 18 years and over * Capacity to give informed consent * Normal blood pressure (systolic BP \> 90 mmHg and diastolic BP \>50 mmHg) * Resting heart rate \> 50bpm * For women, negative urinary β-hCG at the screening and subsequent visits (where clinical uncertainty of pregnancy) * Subject able to hold breath for 10 seconds * Subject able to understand the requirements of the study and to cooperate with the study procedures * Subject has normal lung function by spirometry criteria * Smoking history of \> 10 pack years of tobacco smoking Workstream 1 Exclusion criteria (Adult Healthy Volunteers) * Unsuitable for MRI scanning (e.g. have metal implants or pacemaker or contraindicated following questionnaire) * Subject deemed unlikely to comply with instructions during imaging * Subject not deemed fit enough to tolerate procedure * Subject deemed unsuitable by clinical investigator for other reasons * Abnormal spirometry Workstream 2 Inclusion criteria (Adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) * Male or female aged 18 years and over * Capacity to give informed consent * Normal blood pressure (systolic BP \> 90 mmHg and diastolic BP \>50 mmHg) * Resting heart rate \> 50bpm * For women, negative urinary β-hCG at the screening and subsequent visits (where clinical uncertainty of pregnancy) * Subject able to hold breath for 10 seconds * Subject able to understand the requirements of the study and to cooperate with the study procedures * Diagnosis of COPD made by respiratory physician and confirmed by spirometry criteria (FEV1/FVC ratio \< 0.7) and \> 10 pack years of tobacco smoking. Workstream 2 Exclusion criteria (Adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) * Unsuitable for MRI scanning (e.g. have metal implants or pacemaker or contraindicated following questionnaire) * Acute illness considered to be of sufficient severity to prevent safe MRI scanning. In this instance, the subject will be invited to be rescreened \> 4 weeks later. * Subject deemed unlikely to comply with instructions during imaging * Subject not deemed fit enough to tolerate procedure * Subject deemed unsuitable by clinical investigator for other reasons Workstream 3 Inclusion criteria (Adults with COPD due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency - A1ATD) * Male or female aged 18 years and over * Capacity to give informed consent * Normal blood pressure (systolic BP \> 90 mmHg and diastolic BP \>50 mmHg) * Resting heart rate \> 50bpm * For women, negative urinary β-hCG at the screening and subsequent visits (where clinical uncertainty of pregnancy) * Subject able to hold breath for 10 seconds * Subject able to understand the requirements of the study and to cooperate with the study procedures * Diagnosis of A1ATD (PiZZ or PiZ-) and either evidence of emphysema on a previous clinical CT scan or evidence of airways obstruction Workstream 3 Exclusion criteria (Adults with COPD due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency - A1ATD) * Unsuitable for MRI scanning (e.g. have metal implants or pacemaker or contraindicated following questionnaire) * Acute illness considered to be of sufficient severity to prevent safe MRI scanning. In this case, the subject will be rescreened \>4 weeks later * Subject deemed unlikely to comply with instructions during imaging * Subject not deemed fit enough to tolerate procedure * Subject deemed unsuitable by clinical investigator for other reasons