Microbial Colonization Distribution and Adaptive Evolution of Lower Respiratory Tract in Bronchiectasis Patients.

Overview

Qualified sputum samples from bronchiectasis patients were collected regularly every month for three consecutive years to analyze the microbiome changes of lower respiratory tract of bronchiectasis patients by metagenomic sequencing. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated and the whole genome was sequenced to analyze the adaptive evolution，including virulence, quorum sensing and drug resistance under host pressure. The aim of the study is to clarify the rule of microflora colonization distribution and adaptive evolution in the lower respiratory tract of patients with bronchiectasis, to predict the acute attack and prognosis of patients with microbiome changes, and to find more new prevention and treatment methods by adjusting the microbiome of the lower respiratory tract.

Bronchiectasis is an abnormal, permanent dilatation of the bronchi, which presents as cough, expectoration and recurrent pulmonary infections. Epidemiological survey researchs have found that the number of bronchiectasis has increased rather than decreased in the last decades. Asia has the highest prevalence of bronchiectasis, with 1,200 cases in every 100,000 people over the age of 40 in China, and this rate can be seriously underestimated due to difficulties in identifying COPD. The mortality rate of bronchiectasis patients is more than twice that of the general population, placing an increasing burden on global health care systems. Chronic infection in bronchiectasis is common and had a big influence on prognosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be the most common colonization bacterium. At present, the mechanism of bronchiectasis and its relationship with lower respiratory tract infection have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is important to have an in-depth understanding of the colonization distribution and adaptive evolution of the microbiome in the lower respiratory tract, to predict the acute attack and prognosis with the application of microbiome changes, and to find more new and effective prevention and treatment methods by regulating the microbiome in the lower respiratory tract. Qualified sputum specimens from bronchiectasis patients were collected regularly every month for three consecutive years. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the microbiome changes of lower respiratory tract in these patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated and the whole genome was sequenced to analyze the adaptive evolution of its virulence, group sensitivity and drug resistance under host pressure.