A Multi-center Prospective Study of Branch Atheromatous Disease in China

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age:18-80years 2. Acute cerebral infarction:if the clinical manifestations are TIA, new infarct lesions should be found on DWI at the same time. 3. The time from onset to enrollment is less than 72 hours. If the onset time was unknown, the time of last known free of new ischemic symptoms to enrollment is less than 72h. 4. Meet the following radiological criterial： 1) DWI infarct: single (isolated) deep (subcortical) infarct. 2) The culprit vessels are the lenticulostriate artery or the para-pontine median artery, and the infarct lesion on DWI conforms to one of the following characteri stics(A/B): A. Lenticulostriate artery: ① "comma-like" infarct lesions with "fan-shaped" extension from bottom to top in the coronary position; OR ② ≥3 layers (layer thickness 5-7 mm) on axial DWI images of the head; B. Para-pontine median artery: the infarct lesion extends from the deep pons to the ventral pons on the axial DWI of the head. 3\) No ≥50% stenosis on the parent artery of the criminal vessel (i.e. corresponding basilar or middle cerebral artery) (confirmed by MRA or CTA or DSA). 5.Signed informed consent by the patient or legally authorised representatives Exclusion Criteria: 1. Intracranial hemorrhagic diseases, vascular malformations, aneurysms, brain abscesses, malignant space occupying lesions or other non-ischemic intracranial lesions observed by baseline head CT and MRI, MRA/CTA/DSA; 2. There was ≥50% stenosis of extracranial vessels with ipsally serial relationship 3. Cardiogenic embolism: atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, atrioventricular block disease, heart rate less than 50 beats /min 4. Have received or plan to receive acute endovascular treatment after onset of the disease 5. stroke caused by other clear causes, such as moyamoya disease, arterial dissection, vasculitis, etc 6. mRS score prior to the onset of the disease was ≥2 points 7. Known malignant tumor 8. Life expectancy ≤6 months 9. Can not tolerate 3T MRI examination 10. Pregnant or lactating women 11. Participation in another clinical within 3 months before enrollment, or taking part in another ongoing study.