Background: The transition to parenthood is stressful for first-time mothers and fathers and links to adverse health outcomes. Despite Internet use's popularity, an effective web-based, individually-tailored intervention to enhance parental self-efficacy and infant health for first-time parents remains lacking. Objectives: This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based, individually-tailored childbirth and parenting intervention program on parenting self-efficacy and infant health outcomes. The feasibility and acceptability of a theory-driven intervention will be examined in first-time mothers and fathers. Methods: A two-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effects of web-based intervention in the first-time mother and father. Participants will be randomly allocated to a web-based intervention or a control condition. A repeated measurement will be performed. Anticipatory results: The efficacy of a theory-driven web-based, individually tailored intervention program will provide a valuable contribution to perinatal health care for first-time mothers and fathers.
The primary outcome of parenting self-efficacy and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The secondary outcomes of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, social support, infant health outcomes will be assessed. Data will be analyzed with the intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed-effects modeling.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
600
The web-based intervention participants will follow the website's orientation, the curriculum of modules, and professional feedback to complete the intervention.
Taipei Medical University Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
RECRUITINGParenting self-efficacy
Parenting self-efficacy will be measured and reported by Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. The higher the total scores indicate greater perceived parental self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline
Breastfeeding self-efficacy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Taiwanese version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and Breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale-Short Form among fathers (BSES-SFF). Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores representing a higher level of self-efficacy.
Time frame: Baseline
Parenting self-efficacy
Parenting self-efficacy will be measured and reported by Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. The higher the total scores indicate greater perceived parental self-efficacy.
Time frame: the third trimester of pregnancy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Taiwanese version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and Breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale-Short Form among fathers (BSES-SFF). Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores representing a higher level of self-efficacy.
Time frame: the third trimester of pregnancy
Parenting self-efficacy
Parenting self-efficacy will be measured and reported by Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. The higher the total scores indicate greater perceived parental self-efficacy.
Time frame: 1-month postpartum
Breastfeeding self-efficacy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Taiwanese version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and Breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale-Short Form among fathers (BSES-SFF). Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores representing a higher level of self-efficacy.
Time frame: 1-month postpartum
Parenting self-efficacy
Parenting self-efficacy will be measured and reported by Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. The higher the total scores indicate greater perceived parental self-efficacy.
Time frame: 3-month postpartum
Breastfeeding self-efficacy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Taiwanese version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and Breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale-Short Form among fathers (BSES-SFF). Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores representing a higher level of self-efficacy.
Time frame: 3-month postpartum
Depressive symptoms
Depressive symptoms will be measured using the Taiwanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (T-EPDS). Total scores range from 0 to 30, A higher score indicated a higher levels of depression, with a total score of 30.
Time frame: Baseline, the third trimester of pregnancy,1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Anxiety symptoms
Anxiety symptoms will be measured using the Taiwanese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (TSTAI). Total scores range from 20 to 80, with a high score indicating a high level of anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, the third trimester of pregnancy,1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Sleep quality
Sleep quality and disturbance will be measured using the Chinese version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). CPSQI is a self-reported questionnaire and assesses seven sleep quality components from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 (good sleep) to 21 (very poor sleep).
Time frame: Baseline, the third trimester of pregnancy,1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Social support
Social support will be measured using the Chinese version of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). The higher the score, the higher the degree of support; total score ranging from 12 to 84.
Time frame: Baseline, the third trimester of pregnancy,1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Infant feeding methods
Infant feeding methods will be measured using a self-report questionnaire. The feeding methods, including initiated breastfeeding within 24h after birth, and type of breastfeeding.
Time frame: Baseline, the third trimester of pregnancy,1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Infant sleep quality
The infant sleep quality will be measured using the Taiwanese version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). The BISQ will be used to assess sleep duration, duration of sleep by circadian rhythm, and night-time awakenings.
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Time frame: 1-month postpartum and 3-month postpartum
Infant development
Infant development will be measured using the Taipei City Developmental Checklist for the assessment of developmental delay.
Time frame: 3-month postpartum
Feasibility measured using a structured questionnaire
The feasibility of this trial will be measured using a structured questionnaire.
Time frame: immediately after intervention
Satisfaction measured using a structured questionnaire
Participants' satisfaction will be measured using a structured questionnaire.
Time frame: immediately after intervention