A Study to Compare Early Use of Vinorelbine and Maintenance Therapy for Patients With High Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma

Phase 3Active Not RecruitingNCT04994132

Children's Oncology Group118 enrolled

Overview

This phase III trial compares the safety and effect of adding vinorelbine to vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) for the treatment of patients with high risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). High risk refers to cancer that is likely to recur (come back) after treatment or spread to other parts of the body. This study will also examine if adding maintenance therapy after VAC therapy, with or without vinorelbine, will help get rid of the cancer and/or lower the chance that the cancer comes back. Vinorelbine and vincristine are in a class of medications called vinca alkaloids. They work by stopping cancer cells from growing and dividing and may kill them. Dactinomycin is a type of antibiotic that is only used in cancer chemotherapy. It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and may kill cancer cells. Cyclophosphamide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by damaging the cell's DNA and may kill cancer cells. It may also lower the body's immune response. Vinorelbine, vincristine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide are chemotherapy medications that work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. This trial may have the potential to eliminate rhabdomyosarcoma for a long time or for the rest of patient's life.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To compare event-free survival (EFS) of patients with high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (HR-RMS) treated with vinorelbine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide (VINO-AC) followed by 24 weeks of vinorelbine and oral cyclophosphamide (VINO-CPO) maintenance therapy to that of patients treated with vincristine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide (VAC) followed by 24 weeks of VINO-CPO maintenance therapy. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the safety and feasibility of administering VINO-AC in newly diagnosed patients with HR-RMS. II. To describe the toxicity experience of patients with HR-RMS treated with VINO-AC compared to VAC. III. To compare overall survival (OS) of patients with HR-RMS treated with VINO AC followed by 24 weeks of VINO-CPO maintenance therapy to that of patients treated with VAC followed by 24 weeks of VINO-CPO maintenance therapy. IV. To compare objective radiologic response rates at week 12 between patients with HR-RMS treated with VINO-AC to those treated with VAC. V. To determine whether the addition of 24 weeks of VINO-CPO maintenance therapy improves EFS in patients with HR-RMS when compared to historical controls. VI. To determine the association between circulating tumor-derived deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) levels at diagnosis and during initial chemotherapy and event-free survival (EFS) in patients with HR RMS. VII. To prospectively validate the prognostic impact of genomic variants in HR RMS. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVE: I. To collect serial blood samples and tumor tissue for banking at baseline, during treatment, at the end of therapy, and at the time of progression for future tumor and liquid biopsy studies. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms. ARM A: Patients receive vincristine sulfate intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8 and 15 of cycles 1-4, 7, 8, 11, and 12, and day 1 of cycles 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, and 14. Patients also receive dactinomycin IV over 1-15 minutes or IV push (IVP) over 1-5 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-5, 8-10, and 11-14, and cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 14 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo radiation therapy on weeks 13 and 40. ARM B: Patients receive vinorelbine tartrate IV over 6-10 minutes on days 1 and 8, vincristine sulfate IV on day 15, dactinomycin IV over 1-15 minutes or IVP over 1-5 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-5 and 8-14, and cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 14 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo radiation therapy on weeks 13 and 40. MAINTENANCE: All patients receive vinorelbine tartrate IV over 6-10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide orally (PO) on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients in both arms undergo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray imaging, and/or bone scan, as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy as clinically indicated After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for year 1, every 4 months for years 2-3, and every 6 months for years 4-5.

Interventions

Biospecimen CollectionPROCEDURE

Undergo blood sample collection

Bone Marrow AspirationPROCEDURE

Undergo bone marrow aspiration

Bone Marrow BiopsyPROCEDURE

Undergo bone marrow biopsy

Bone ScanPROCEDURE

Undergo bone scan

Computed TomographyPROCEDURE

Undergo CT

CyclophosphamideDRUG

Given IV or PO

DactinomycinBIOLOGICAL

Given IV

Magnetic Resonance ImagingPROCEDURE

Undergo MRI

Positron Emission TomographyPROCEDURE

Undergo PET

Radiation TherapyRADIATION

Undergo radiation therapy

Vincristine SulfateDRUG

Given IV

Vinorelbine TartrateDRUG

Given IV

X-Ray ImagingPROCEDURE

Undergo x-ray imaging

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMax age: 50 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must be =\< 50 years of age at the time of enrollment * Patients with newly diagnosed RMS of any subtype, except adult-type pleomorphic, based upon institutional histopathologic classification are eligible to enroll on the study based upon stage, group, and age, as below. FOXO1 fusion status must be determined by week 4 (day 28) of therapy. RMS types included under embryonal RMS (ERMS) include those classified in the 1995 International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) as ERMS (classic, spindle cell, and botryoid variants), which are reclassified in the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification as ERMS (classic, dense and botryoid variants) and spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (encompassing the historical spindle cell ERMS variant and the newly recognized sclerosing RMS variant). Classification of alveolar RMS (ARMS) in the 2020 WHO Classification is the same as in the ICR and includes classic and solid variants * ERMS * Stage 4, group IV, \>= 10 years of age * ARMS * Stage 4, group IV Patients will be eligible to remain on protocol therapy based upon stage, group, and age * Bone marrow metastatic disease is based on morphologic evidence of RMS based on hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) stains. In the absence of morphologic evidence of marrow involvement on H\&E, patients with bone marrow involvement detected ONLY by flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or immunohistochemistry will NOT be considered to have clinical bone marrow involvement for the purposes of this study * Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (must be performed within 7 days prior to enrollment): * Age; Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) * 1 month to \< 6 months; 0.4 mg/dL (male); 0.4 mg/dL (female) * 6 months to \< 1 year; 0.5 mg/dL (male); 0.5 mg/dL (female) * 1 to \< 2 years; 0.6 mg/dL (male); 0.6 mg/dL (female) * 2 to \< 6 years; 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female) * 6 to \< 10 years; 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female) * 10 to \< 13 years; 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female) * 13 to \< 16 years; 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female) * \>= 16 years; 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female) * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (must be performed within 7 days prior to enrollment) * If there is evidence of biliary obstruction by tumor, then total bilirubin must be \< 3 x ULN for age * All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent * All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with evidence of uncontrolled infection are not eligible * RMS that is considered a second malignancy and previous cancer(s) that were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation. Surgical resection alone of previous cancer(s) is allowed * Patients with central nervous system involvement of RMS as defined below: * Malignant cells detected in cerebrospinal fluid * Intra-parenchymal brain metastasis separate and distinct from primary tumor (i.e., direct extension from parameningeal primary tumors is allowed). * Diffuse leptomeningeal disease * Patients who have received any chemotherapy (excluding steroids) and/or radiation therapy for RMS prior to enrollment. * Note: the following exception: * Patients requiring emergency radiation therapy for RMS. These patients are eligible, provided they are consented to ARST2031 prior to administration of radiation * Note: Patients who have received or are receiving chemotherapy or radiation for non-malignant conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases) are eligible. Patients must discontinue chemotherapy for non-malignant conditions prior to starting protocol therapy * Vincristine and vinorelbine are sensitive substrates of CYP450 3A4 isozyme. Patients must not have received drugs that are moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers within 7 days prior to study enrollment * Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential * Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants * Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Event-free survival (EFS)

Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and will be compared between the two regimens using a log-rank test.

Time frame: Time from randomization to an event defined as disease relapse/progression, second malignancy, or death, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 5 years from study enrollment

Secondary Outcomes

Overall survival

Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and will be compared between the therapy groups using a log-rank test.

Time frame: Time from randomization to death of any cause, assessed up to 5 years from study enrollment

Radiologic response rate

Includes both complete response and partial response. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria will be used to define complete and partial responses. Will be compared between arms using chi square test.

Time frame: At week 12 after study enrollment

Incidence of adverse events

Adverse events of particular interest including grade 4 hematologic toxicity, grade 2 sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, grade 3 or higher neuropathy and any non-hematologic toxicity that result in delays \> 14 days in the delivery of a 21-day cycle of therapy or results in a dose reduction of any chemotherapy drugs.

Time frame: Up to 5 years from study enrollment

Feasibility and safety assessed by the adverse events, toxicities and treatment delays

If more than 40% of patients enrolled in the safety phase experience one or more of the toxicities, the study will be paused, the study team will review the data and determine if an amendment is needed. Specifically, toxicities of interest include: 1. Hematological toxicities that delay the administration of subsequent chemotherapy cycles by more than two weeks. 2. Grade 2 or higher sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. 3. Grade 3 or higher neuropathy. 4. Other Grade 3 or higher non-hematological toxicities that delay the administration of subsequent chemotherapy cycles by more than 2 weeks.

Time frame: From study enrollment to completion of the initial 12 weeks of therapy

Association between circulating tumor-derived deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) and EFS

Will use Kaplan-Meier methods to calculate EFS, defined as the time from randomization to an event defined as disease relapse/progression, second malignancy, or death, whichever occurs first, for patients with and without detectable ctDNA. Will classify patients as having detectable or undetectable ctDNA at baseline. Will compare EFS between these two groups using a one-sided log-rank test.

Time frame: Up to 5 years from study enrollment

Prognostic impact of genomic variants

Will provide descriptive statistics for amplifications in MYCN and mutations in TP53 and MYOD1. Will compare EFS between patients with and without these mutations detected at baseline.

Time frame: Up to 5 years from study enrollment

A Study to Compare Early Use of Vinorelbine and Maintenance Therapy for Patients With High Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (251)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes