Catheter-related bladder discomfort after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is frequent because of indwelling urinary catheter for irrigation. The mechanism of the catheter-related bladder discomfort is similar to that of overactive bladder, in which muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are stimulated. The catheter-related bladder discomfort is a well known predisposing factor for emergence delirium after general anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort between dexmedetomidine only therapy and combind dexmedetomidine and glycopyrrolate therapy.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Intravenous glycopyrrolate before anesthetic induction. Dexmedetomidine administration during the surgery.
Dexmedetomidine administration during the surgery.
The incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort
No = not complaining of bladder discomfort on asking; Mild = report discomfot only on questioning; Moderate: report without questioning without behavior responses; Severe = report without questioniing accompanied by behavior responses. Mild, Moderate, Severe bladder discomfort is defined to have catheter-related bladder discomfort
Time frame: 0 minute after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
Emergence agitation
(1)calm (2)slightly agitated but consolable (3)moderately agitated and inconsolable (4)severely agitated and highly inconsolable
Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
Delirium
(1)acute and fluctuating changes in mental status (2)inattention (3)disorganized or incoherent thinking (4)altered level of consciousness. (1),(2) and (3), (1),(2), and (4), or (1)(2)(3)and (4) are defined to have deilrium.
Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
Postoperative pain
numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst pain imaginable)
Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
Sedation score
(1)anxious, agitated or restless (2)cooperative, oriented and trranquil (3)responds to commands, asleep (4)brisk response to light glabellar taps or oud noise (5)sluggish response to light glabellar taps or loud noise (6)noresponse
Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
Dry mouth
yes or no
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Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit
postoperative nausea and vomiting
yes or no
Time frame: 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit