Effect of Piezoelectric Alveolar Decortication on Post-Orthodontic Lower Incisors Stability: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Individuals who had lower anterior irregularity (crowding, rotation, buccally or lingually displaced) will be selected. 2. Good oral hygiene, healthy gingiva and no evidence of bone loss as seen on the radiograph. 3. Healthy systemic conditions. 4. Patients pass the growth spurt according to cervical vertebral maturation method as described by Baccetti et al. 5. Availability of good quality records at pretreatment and post-treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients that has any signs of active periodontal disease or evidence of bone loss on the radiograph. 2. Patients with systemic disease such as osteoporosis and diabetes. 3. Smoking patients. 4. Study casts did not include all mandibular permanent incisors, canines, and first molars.