The purpose of this study is to investigate functional brain network in altered meditation state with multimodal neuroimaging.
1. Recruiting participants by approaching mindfulness training, poster, and websites. 2. Completing Questionnaires, Tests, and other materials for experiments. 3. Examining Functional Brain Network of Internal and External Meditation of practitioners with a meditation using multimodal neuroimaging. 4. Collecting and evaluating data about the connection of internal and external meditation with multimodal neuroimaging and identifying the function related to meditation state.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
Examining DMN connectivity and CSF flow in external meditation state by External Meditation Instruction Audio.
Examining DMN connectivity and CSF flow in external meditation state by Internal Meditation Instruction Audio.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ)
FFMQ is a validated, self-administered questionnaire that measures the tendency to act with mindfulness. Its 39 items are assessed on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (i.e., "never or very rarely true" to "very often or always true"). The higher scores on the scale convey the higher tendency to act with mindfulness.
Time frame: Week 1
CSF pulsation index
CSF pulsation index, calculated by the number of CSF pulsation per minute.
Time frame: Week 1
Functional connectivity
Checking functional connectivity in major resting-state brain networks (such as DMN).
Time frame: Week 1
Mindfulness positive awareness examined by Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
MAAS is a validated, fifteen-item self-report measure on which the items are scored using a six-point rating scale (1 = almost always and 6 = almost never). The global score of the scale is obtained by calculating the mean score of each participant's responses, and higher scores on the scale convey the higher levels of dispositional mindfulness.
Time frame: Week 1
The ability of self-compassion examined by Self-Compassion Scale(SCS) after 1-week practice of internal and external mindfulness
SCS is a validated, 26-item self-report measure on which the items are scored using a five-point Likert scale scored from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). The higher total score on the scale indicates a higher level of self-compassion.
Time frame: Week 1
Cognitive Flexibility Inventory(CFI)
CFI is a validated, self-reported measure of cognitive flexibility，which consists of 20 statements scored from 1 ( "definitely disagree") to 7( "definitely agree."). The scores for all items are pooled to generate a total score of 20 to 140. Higher total scores indicate the increasing level of cognitive flexibility.
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Time frame: Week 1
Perceived Stress Scale(PSS)
PSS is a validated, self-reported measure of psychological stress level. There are 10-items scored from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). The scores for all items are pooled to generate a total score in the range of 0 to 40. Higher total scores indicate the increasing level of psychological stress.
Time frame: Week 1
The Chinese version of Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory(FMI-13)
FMI-13 is a validated, thirteen-item self-report measure on which the items are scored using a four-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). This short form was used for measuring mindfulness traits, and higher scores on the scale convey the higher levels of mindfulness trait.
Time frame: Week 1