: Resistance training induces strength gains in both children and adolescents. Exercise training is linked to anabolic functions through the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been demonstrated in studies showing a higher activity of GH and IGF-I in fitter adolescents and adults. Exercise also stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) that suppress the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been observed in endurance-type training, while resistance training has received less attention. Boys experience a significant physiological muscle-growth change during puberty that is associated with increases in boys androgen levels. How maturation affects the hormonal response to resistance training in boys is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to compare the acute effects of a single bout of resistance training on hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-pubertal and pubertal boys.
Preliminary measurements: Preliminary testing will include anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, body fat percentage, and lean leg volume (LLV). The maturation stage will be determined according to the Tanner scale. There will also be an assessment of maximal strength testing to determine exercise intensity for each individual. Two familiarization sessions will be conducted for muscular strength before the muscular strength testing session. Main trial A venous blood sample will be collected pre-exercise at resting condition. The trial will start with a standardized warm-up followed by a short (20-30 min), high-intensity whole-body resistance training session. Venous blood samples will be collected immediately after the completion of the training session and during the recovery period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
Both groups will perform a resistance training session consisted of 10 reps x 3 set of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises.
Umeå Movement and Exercise Laboratory, Umeå University
Umeå, Västerbotten County, Sweden
Growth Hormone Baseline
Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Growth Hormone Post exercise
Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 15 minutes post exercise
Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 30 minutes post exercise
Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Baseline
Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Post exercise
Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 15 minutes Post exercise
Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 30 minutes Post exercise
Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Cortisol Baseline
Blood concentration of Cortisol
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Cortisol Post exercise
Blood concentration of Cortisol
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Cortisol 15 minutes Post exercise
Blood concentration of Cortisol
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Cortisol 30 minutes Post exercise
Blood concentration of Cortisol
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Testosterone Baseline
Blood concentration of testosterone
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Testosterone Post Exercise
Blood concentration of testosterone
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Testosterone 15 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of testosterone
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Testosterone 30 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of testosterone
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Interleukin-6 Baseline
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Blood concentration of Interleukin-6
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-6
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 15 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-6
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 30 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-6
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Interleukin-1 alpha Baseline
Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Baseline
Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Baseline
Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Time frame: Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values)
Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Time frame: Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values)
Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding 15 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Time frame: 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values)
Change from Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Globulin 30 minutes Post Exercise
Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Time frame: 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values)