Manipulation of the gut microbiota through dietary modification affects brain function, with improvement in patients with cognitive disorders. Combined effect of nutritional intervention with Mediterranean diet and probiotics with potentially healthy growth of germ, affect the evolution of mild cognitive impairment, by the modulation of components related with the axis microbiota-gut-brain: neuropeptides, short-chain fatty acids, markers for oxidative stress and inflammation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
50
Mediterranean diet: 22% Monounsaturated fat, 6% Polyunsaturated fat, 7% Saturated fat, 15% Protein, 50% Carbohydrates
Recommendations according to WHO
Placebo
Reina Sofia University Hospital
Córdoba, Spain
Cognitive change
Cognitive change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus ("ADAS-Cog- Plus"). The total ADAS-Cog-plus score ranges from 0-70 with higher scores suggesting greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Microbiota pattern
Changes in the percentage of different families of Microbiota will be analysed during the study
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Endotoxemia levels
Changes in the endotoxemia levels will be analysed during the study
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Change in inflammatory marker
At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, the levels of high sesitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined in plasma in mg/dL.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Change in oxidative stress parameters
At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined in serum in ug/mL: methylglioxal (MG) and N-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Likewise, carbonilated proteins in nmol/mg and lipid peroxidation levels in plasma in ug/mL.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Neurofunctional change
At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, neurofunctional changes were measured by emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-\[fluorine-18\]fluoro- D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET)
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
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Biopolis-MIX42: a capsule containing 10\^9 colony forming units of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum.
Modulation of Microbiota-gut-nervous system
Changes in the plasma levels of molecules with activity on the nervous system were analysed during the study. At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, Gamma-Aminobutiric acid (GABA) in ng/mL and short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butirate) in ng/mL were determined in plasma.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Change in cytokine levels
At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) were determined in plasma in pg/mL.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention
Neuropeptides modulation
Changes in the plasma levels of molecules with activity on the nervous system were analysed during the study. At time 0 and after 24 weeks of each intervention period and follow-up, Substance P (SP), Y Peptide (PYY), beta-amyloid in pg/mL were determined in plasma.
Time frame: Baseline and 24 weeks after each dietary intervention