The purpose of this study was determine whether milk or soy milk supplements combined with resistance exercise improved sarcopenia in the elderly. This study was randomized controlled trail that recruited elderly people ≧65 years old with sarcopenia in the nursing home of Taipei Veterans General Hospital Su-Ao and Yuanshan Branch from June 2017 to December, 2017. The participants were divided into three groups, such as control, milk supplement and soy milk supplement. The milk and soy milk groups provided 200 mL milk or soy milk two times per day. Moreover, all participants joined the resistance exercise training program, three times per week (30 min/time). After 12 weeks, the anthropometry, sarcopenia index, blood biochemical index, nutrition status index, inflammation index, insulin resistance index, and dietary intake were measured.
The anthropometry data included body weight and body fat. The sarcopenia index included appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, calf circumferences, hand grip and gait speed. Moreover, blood biochemical index (liver function as ALT, kidney function as creatinine), nutrition status index (prealbumin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D) were also analyzed. The blood hsCRP level was as inflammation index and insulin resistance index included fasting blood sugar, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. The daily dietary intake were also recorded.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
35
Intervention groups provided 200 mL long life milk two times per day at morning and afternoon. The participants joined the resistance exercise training program, three times per week (30 min/time)
Intervention groups provided 200 mL long life soy milk two times per day at morning and afternoon. The participants joined the resistance exercise training program, three times per week (30 min/time)
The participants joined the resistance exercise training program, three times per week (30 min/time)
Taipei Medical University
New Taipei City, Taiwan
appendicular skeletal muscle mass in kilograms
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis (Inbody S10, Inbody Inc., Seoul, South Korea)
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline appendicular skeletal muscle mass at 6 weeks
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis (Inbody S10, Inbody Inc., Seoul, South Korea)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline appendicular skeletal muscle mass at 12 weeks
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis (Inbody S10, Inbody Inc., Seoul, South Korea)
Time frame: 12 weeks
height in meters
Height was measured by height meter
Time frame: baseline
Change baseline weeks height at 6 weeks
Height was measured by height meter
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline height at 12 weeks
Height was measured by height meter
Time frame: 12 weeks
appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m^2
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass muscle mass and height was combined to report appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m\^2.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline appendicular skeletal muscle mass index at 6 weeks
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass muscle mass and height was combined to report appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m\^2.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline appendicular skeletal muscle mass index at 12 weeks
The appendicular skeletal muscle mass muscle mass and height was combined to report appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m\^2.
Time frame: 12 weeks
calf circumferences in centimeter
calf circumferences (cm) was measured by using a measuring tape to go around the thickest point of the calf and stick tightly without squeezing the skin.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline calf circumferences at 6 weeks
calf circumferences (cm) was measured by using a measuring tape to go around the thickest point of the calf and stick tightly without squeezing the skin.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline calf circumferences at 12 weeks
calf circumferences (cm) was measured by using a measuring tape to go around the thickest point of the calf and stick tightly without squeezing the skin.
Time frame: 12 weeks
hand grip in kilograms
The muscle strength was evaluated with the hand-grip strength (kg) using a Smedley dynamometer (TTM-YD, Tsutsumi Industries, Tokyo, Japan)
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline hand grip at 6 weeks
The muscle strength was evaluated with the hand-grip strength (kg) using a Smedley dynamometer (TTM-YD, Tsutsumi Industries, Tokyo, Japan)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline hand grip at 12 weeks
The muscle strength was evaluated with the hand-grip strength (kg) using a Smedley dynamometer (TTM-YD, Tsutsumi Industries, Tokyo, Japan)
Time frame: 12 weeks
gait speed in meter per second
The gait speed test was performed by recording the average time of walking 6 meters and representing with the distance (m) per second.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline gait speed at 6 weeks
The gait speed test was performed by recording the average time of walking 6 meters and representing with the distance (m) per second.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from baseline gait speed at 12 weeks
The gait speed test was performed by recording the average time of walking 6 meters and representing with the distance (m) per second.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood alanine transaminase activity in U/L
The blood alanine transaminase (ALT) activity in U/L was measured as liver function index by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood alanine transaminase activity at 12 weeks
The blood alanine transaminase (ALT) activity in U/L was measured as liver function index by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood creatinine level in mg/dL
The blood creatinine level was measured as kidney function by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood creatinine level at 12 weeks
The blood creatinine level was measured as kidney function by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood prealbumin level in mg/dL
The blood prealbumin level in mg/dL as the index of nutritional status were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood prealbumin level at 12 weeks
The blood prealbumin level in mg/dL as the index of nutritional status were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in ng/mL
The blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in ng/mL as the index of nutritional status were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level at 12 weeks
The blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in ng/mL as the index of nutritional status were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
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Time frame: 12 weeks
High sensitive C-reactive protein in mg/dL
High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as the inflammatory indicator were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline High sensitive C-reactive protein at 12 weeks
High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as the inflammatory indicator were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood fasting blood sugar in mg/dL
The blood fasting blood sugar level in mg/dL as the insulin resistance index was measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood fasting blood sugar at 12 weeks
The blood fasting blood sugar level in mg/dL as the insulin resistance index was measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood insulin level in milli-international unit/L
The blood insulin level in milli-international unit/L as the insulin resistance index was measured by commercial kits.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood insulin level at 12 weeks
The blood insulin level in milli-international unit/L as the insulin resistance index was measured by commercial kits.
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood HbA1c in percentage
The blood HbA1c in percentage as the insulin resistance index was measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood HbA1c at 12 weeks
The blood HbA1c in percentage as the insulin resistance index was measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
HOMA-IR was calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin (μU/mL) x fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) at 12 weeks
HOMA-IR was calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin (μU/mL) x fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5
Time frame: 12 weeks
blood insulin-like growth factor 1 in mg/dL
The blood insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level considered to be related with the protein synthesis in muscle was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay.
Time frame: baseline
Change from baseline blood insulin-like growth factor 1 at 12 weeks
The blood insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level considered to be related with the protein synthesis in muscle was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay.
Time frame: 12 weeks