Can Trajectory Nor-epinephrine Infiltration Reduce Blood Loss During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)?

Overview

during PCNL; A few milliliters of nor-epinephrine is injected into the intended tract after puncture of pelvicalyceal system and before its dilatation compared to injection of saline (placebo). hemoglobin change \& blood loss is estimated and will compared.

All patients of are positioned in lithotomy position and 6 F open tip ureteral catheter is fixed by cystoscope. Then, A pelvicalyceal system is punctured under ultrasound and/or fluoroscopic guidance, then a 18 Gauge (G) puncture needle is introduced toward the desired calyx and a 0.038 inch guide wire is inserted. then 20 G Chiba needle is introduced alongside the puncture needle for infiltration of the whole tract by either a few milliliters of nor-epinephrine or saline. then, the tract is dilated over the guide wire, lastly an Amplatz sheath was inserted. nephroscope is used for stones disintegration by pneumatic or laser lithotripter . Fragments are washed out or removed by forceps.

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Eligibility

Locations (2)

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