This is a large-scale, multi-center, observational study. It is planned to establish a large database of 10,000 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to investigate the prevalence, awareness and screening rates of diabetes kidney disease (DKD), and provide real-world data on the efficacy and safety of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Among the various complications of diabetes mellitus, DKD is considered as a major threat and is one of the manifestations of diabetic microangiopathy. it is one of the main causes of death for patients with T2DM. Albuminuria is the earliest manifestation of DKD, which is mostly asymptomatic at the early stage, if the albuminuria is poorly controlled, it may develop into clinical DKD. Therefore, it is very important to improve the patients' awareness of DKD, regularly screen early kidney diseases and use drugs rationally. In order to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of patients with DKD, improve the knowledge and screening rate of patients with DKD, help the formation of health literacy, healthy behavior and lifestyle, the investigators planned the study. STUDY OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand the epidemiological disease burden of DKD in China, and to investigate the prevalence rate, awareness rate and screening rate of DKD; 2. To understand the treatment status of patients with DKD in China; 3. To provide real-world data on the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in the treatment of DKD in China;
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
10,000
Prevalence of DKD
Prevalence of DKD (UACR \> 30 mg/g); The prevalence of microalbuminuria (30 mg/g ≤ UACR ≤ 300 mg/g); The prevalence of massive proteinuria (UACR \> 300 mg/g).
Time frame: at the time of screening
Awareness rate
Awareness rate=(The number of people who know their abnormal albuminuria)/(The number of people with diabetes mellitus complicated with albuminuria)
Time frame: at the time of screening
Screening rate
Screening rate=(The number of people @who have checked urine protein within one year)/(The number of people involved in total diabetes)
Time frame: at the time of screening
Prescription proportion of various anti-diabetic drugs for patients with DKD
Prescription ratio of a certain hypoglycemic agent =(The number of people using a certain hypoglycemic agent)/(Total number of DKD)
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: medication categories
Assess whether taking different categories of medications is a risk factor for albuminuria
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: Course of disease
It is defined as the years of diagnosis of diabetes. According to the "Date of Diagnosis" in the questionnaire collected during the screening, the course years of diabetes patients are divided into quartiles for evaluation
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: Age
According to the "date of birth" in the questionnaire collected during the screening, the age of diabetic patients is divided into quartiles for evaluation
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Airport Area of Peking University Third Hospital
Beijing, China
Beijing Haidian Hospital
Beijing, China
Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
Beijing, China
Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital
Beijing, China
Peking University Third Hospital
Beijing, China
Strategic Support Force Specialty Medical Center
Beijing, China
The 3th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
Beijing, China
The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
Beijing, China
The 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
Beijing, China
The 6th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
Beijing, China
...and 40 more locations
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: Current smoking
According to the "Current smoking" in the questionnaire collected during the screening to evaluate whether smoking is the risk of albuminuria
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: gender
According to the "gender" in the questionnaire collected during the screening to evaluate whether gender is the risk of albuminuria
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: Drinking
According to the " Drinking " in the questionnaire collected during the screening to evaluate whether Drinking is the risk of albuminuria
Time frame: at the time of screening
risk factors of albuminuria: Glycosylated hemoglobin
Baseline glycosylated hemoglobin is divided into quartiles for evaluation
Time frame: at baseline
risk factors of albuminuria: Hypertension
It is defined as the adults' systolic blood pressure which is greater than or equal to 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure which is greater than or equal to 90mmHg. "hypertension" and "non-hypertension" for evaluation
Time frame: at baseline
risk factors of albuminuria: Increase in Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
It is defined as more than 3.37mmol/L, "elevated" and "normal" for evaluation
Time frame: at baseline
MD of the change of UACR
the mean difference of the change of UACR from baseline between SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i group
Time frame: at 6 months
OR of the incidence of the adverse events
the odds ratio of the incidence of the adverse events of interest during the 6-month observation period between SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i group
Time frame: at 6 months