The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM).The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities.
The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The negative emotions might affect residents' quality of life and even increase their mortality. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM). Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. Moreover, TM does not need any tools and can be conducted at any time and any place. It is very convenient and accessible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is going to examine the effects of tactile massage in improving older residents' mental health and physiological effect in LTCFs. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. LTCFs will be selected and contacted by researchers. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities. Data will be collected at baseline, after intervention using questionnaires including demographic and related information questionnaire, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness Scale version 3, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF).Chinese Happiness Inventory, comfort Visual Analogue Scale, Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale, and vital signs. Data analysis will be conducted by performing percentage, mean, t-test, chi-square, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) using SPSS 22.0 software. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied in this study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
73
Tactile massage will receive two 15-min tactile massages(hand massage) per week for 4weeks
Suao Veterans Hospital
Tainan, Yilan, Taiwan
Tung Jen Hospital
Taipei, Taiwan
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3
A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20\~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3
A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20\~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T1)
Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF)
The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF)
The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T1)
Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI)
The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI)
The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T1)
body temperature(BT)
body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
body temperature(BT)
body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
body temperature(BT)
body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .
Time frame: through study completion,week 2 (T2)
body temperature(BT)
body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
body temperature(BT)
body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)
blood pressure(BP)
Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
blood pressure(BP)
Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
blood pressure(BP)
Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
Time frame: through study completion,week 2 (T2)
blood pressure(BP)
Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
blood pressure(BP)
Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)
heart rate(HR)
measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
heart rate(HR)
measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
heart rate(HR)
measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Time frame: through study completion,week 2 (T2)
heart rate(HR)
measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
heart rate(HR)
measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)
breathing rate(RR)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
breathing rate(RR)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
breathing rate(RR)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Time frame: through study completion,week 2 (T2)
breathing rate(RR)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
breathing rate(RR)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)
Chinese Happiness Inventory
A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0\~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Chinese Happiness Inventory
A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0\~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T1)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity
Time frame: through study completion, week 2 (T2)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale
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providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity
Time frame: baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity
Time frame: through study completion, week 2 (T2)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity
Time frame: through study completion, week 3 (T3)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale
providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity
Time frame: after the completion of the intervention(T4)